Leptospirosis ho lintja

Leptospirosis ke lefu la zoonotic, le bolelang hore lefu lena le ka fetisoa ho tloha liphoofolong ho ea ho batho. Ka hona, thibelo ea tšoaetso ea ntja e ama bophelo ba rona ka ho toba.

Lintja tsa mefuta eohle le lilemo li ka tšoaetsoa habonolo. Ntho ea bohlokoa e ka ba maemo a liphoofolo.

Lefu lena le teng lik'honthinenteng tsohle ntle le Antarctica. Empa e tloaelehile haholo libakeng tse nang le boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng le pula e ngata ea selemo. Ena ke tšoaetso e kotsi e iponahatsang ka matšoao a sa tšoaneng 'me hangata e bolaea lintja.

Tsela ea lefu lena

Leptospirosis ho liphoofolo e iponahatsa ka litsela tse fapaneng: e ka hlaha ka mefuta e matla, e sa foleng, e sa foleng. E qetellang e fetoha koloi ea asymptomatic leptospiron. Lintja li ka kula ho tloha likhoeling tse 'maloa ho isa ho lilemo tse' maloa. Nako e khutsitseng ea lefu lena (ke hore, ho tloha ha libaktheria li kena 'meleng ho fihlela matšoao a pele a hlaha) ke matsatsi a 4-14.

Leptospirosis e fetisoa joang?

Leptospira e fetisoa ka kotloloho (ka ho kopana le letlalo le senyehileng, lera la mucous le nang le moroto o tšoaelitsoeng, lebese, mantle, peō ea botona) kapa hangata ka tsela e sa tobang (ka tikoloho e kantle, lintho tsa ntlo). Ho petetsa ha liphoofolo ho ka ’na ha eketsa menyetla ea tšoaetso (mohlala, ho boloka lintja ka har’a masaka).

Leptospira e ka phela likhoeli mobung o mongobo le metsing. 'Me litoeba li jara leptospira bophelo bohle. Ka lebaka leo, ka mor'a ho noa metsi a tsoang letamong le emeng, ho ja rat, kapa ho kopana le ntja e tšoaelitsoeng, phoofolo ea lapeng e kotsing ea ho tšoaroa ke leptospirosis.

Ka hona, mabaka a ka sehloohong a kotsi ea tšoaetso ea leptospirosis ke a latelang:

• ho kopana ka ho toba le liphoofolo tse nang le tšoaetso;
• ho kopana le tikoloho e silafetseng (mohlala, libaka tsa metsi, mobu).

Matšoao a Leptospirosis ho Lintja

Tšoaetso ea Leptospiral e ka baka mefuta e mengata ea matšoao a kliniki, ho tloha ho matšoao a bonolo, a ho itšehla thajana ho isa maemong a matla, a behang bophelo kotsing.

Hape, matšoao a kliniki a leptospirosis ho lintja a fapana ho ea ka mofuta oa lefu lena, boemo ba immunological ba phoofolo, maemo a tikoloho a amang 'mele oa phoofolo, le "bohale" ba pathogen.

Matšoao a mantlha a ka sehloohong a canine leptospirosis ke feberu, ho thothomela le ho opa ha mesifa. Ho feta moo, bofokoli, ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea lijo, ho hlatsa, letšollo, ho phefumoloha ka potlako, ho khohlela, ho tsoa ka nko, jaundice ea letlalo le bonahalang le letlalo le ka hlaha. Mathata a coagulation le tšenyo ea methapo e ka 'na ea etsahala, e bontšoang ke hematemesis, mantle a mali (melena), epistaxis, le ho tsoa mali a letlalo. Liphoofolo tse kulang haholo li boemong bo sa tsebeng letho, ha li arabele linthong tse ka ntle 'me li ke ke tsa ikemela ho boloka mocheso o tloaelehileng oa' mele.

The insidiousness ea lefu lena, ho phaella ho matšoao a pharaletseng a, e boetse ke 'nete ea hore e ka tsoela pele ka ho feletseng ntle le lipontšo.

Ho fumana ts'oaetso ena le lits'ebetso tse amanang le pathological ho ntja, hoa hlokahala ho nka anamnesis, ho etsa tlhahlobo ea bongaka, ho etsa liteko tsa mali tsa hematological le serological (ho bona boemo bo ntseng bo eketseha ba li-antibodies ho leptospira), PCR, urinalysis, le, ho hlokahala, etsa tlhahlobo ea ultrasound ea cavity ea mpa. , tlhahlobo ea x-ray.

Kotsi ho batho

Sena se lokela ho boleloa hape le ho feta hang, hobane ts'oaetso ea leptospiral e nkoa e le zooanthroponosis e tloaelehileng haholo, e nkang sebaka se seng sa pele ho latela boima ba thupelo ea bongaka, khafetsa ea lefu le litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa bongaka. batho. 

Linaheng tse tsoetseng pele, liketsahalo tse ngata tsa leptospirosis ho batho li bakoa ke mesebetsi ea boikhathollo e sebelisang metsi. Batho ba kopanang le liphoofolo tsa polasing le bona ba kotsing. Linaheng tse ntseng li hōla moruong, letamo la tšoaetso bakeng sa batho ke lintja tse hlahlathelang le litoeba.

Ho batho, matšoao a lefu lena a hlaha ka mor'a nako ea ho qhoqhoa (ntle le lipontšo tsa kliniki), e ka nkang matsatsi a 2 ho isa ho a 25, 'me a fapana ho itšetlehile ka boima. Lefu lena le ka lula le se na matšoao ho batho ba bang (subclinical). Ba bang ba ka ’na ba tšoaroa ke boloetse bo kang ba ntaramane. Lipontšo tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa leptospirosis ke sebete, ho hloleha ha liphio, 'me maemong a mang, ho senyeha ha tsamaiso ea litho tsohle, ho akarelletsa le pelo, ho hema le tsamaiso ea genitourinary (ho hlōleha ha litho tse ngata).

Phekolo ea leptospirosis ho lintja

Kalafo ea canine leptospirosis e itšetlehile ka ho teba ha tšoaetso. Liphoofolo tse nang le tlhahlobo e netefalitsoeng, hammoho le liphoofolo tse nang le setšoantšo sa kliniki le nalane, empa ntle le tlhahlobo e netefalitsoeng hajoale, li lokela ho fumana motsoako oa li-antimicrobial le kalafo ea tlhokomelo.

Motheo oa phekolo ke phekolo ea lithibela-mafu. Lithibela-mafu tse khothalelitsoeng bakeng sa lintja tse nang le leptospirosis ke tse tsoang ho penicillin kapa doxycycline. Tsela ea tsamaiso ke ka molomo (ka lijo kapa molomong ka likhoka). Haeba phoofolo ea lapeng e na le ho hlatsa, tahlehelo ea takatso ea lijo, anorexia, joale ho hlokahala hore u sebelise lithibela-mafu parenterally (intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly).

Hape, tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea phekolo e fanoa ho phekolo ea tlhokomelo hafeela boemo ba mokuli bo e hloka (ho felloa ke metsi, hypoglycemia, ho se leka-lekane ha electrolyte, joalo-joalo). Liphoofolo tse nang le leptospirosis li ka 'na tsa hloka maemo a sa tšoaneng a tlhokomelo ea tšehetso, ho itšetlehile ka boima ba lefu lena le tsamaiso ea litho tse amehang. Litlhahiso li kenyelletsa ho khutlisetsa metsi 'meleng ka phekolo ea mokelikeli oa methapo (li-droppers), ho lokisoa ha litšitiso tsa electrolyte le acid-base, le phekolo ea matšoao (antiemetics, meriana ea bohloko, tšehetso ea phepo e nepahetseng).

Haeba ntja e sa je ka boeona ka matsatsi a fetang a mararo, ho lokela ho behoa tube ea phepelo. E lumella lijo hore li fetisetsoe ka ho toba ka mpeng, li fetise molomo oa molomo le ntle le ho etsa hore ho be le tšitiso ea lijo ho ntja, ha ho ntse ho qoba ho tsilatsila ha mokuli ho ja.

Maemong a boima haholo, ho ka hlokahala tšelo ea mali, hemodialysis, artificial lung ventilation (ALV).

Rehabilitation

Ha u tšoaelitsoe ke leptospirosis, phekolo e feletseng e ka khoneha. Empa, haeba lefu lena le ile la tsoela pele ka mathata (mohlala, ho se sebetse hantle ha renal), ho hlaphoheloa ho ka 'na ha tsoela pele ka likhoeli tse' maloa ka mor'a hore ho be le botsitso ba pele ba boemo ba phoofolo. Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka etsoa ntle le ho kena sepetlele, haeba boemo ba mokuli bo lumella, empa ho na le maemo a hlokang ho hlahlojoa letsatsi le leng le le leng ke ngaka ea liphoofolo, ebe ntja e kenngoa sepetlele sa mafu a tšoaetsanoang. 'Me joale, ka mor'a ho tsoa, ​​phoofolo e joalo e hlahlojoa khafetsa, pele libeke tse ling le tse ling tse 1-3, ebe hang ka likhoeli tse 1-6.

Mathata ka mora ho kula

Mathata a ka sehloohong ka mor'a leptospirosis a hlalositsoe ka holimo 'me ke tsoelo-pele ea ho hlōleha ha renal e sa foleng le ho senyeha ha tsamaiso ea hepatobiliary (encephalopathy, ascites, joalo-joalo e ka' na ea etsahala) ho lintja tse ling. Maemo ana ha a sa phekoloa ka ho feletseng 'me a hloka ho hlahlojoa nako le nako ka ho etela ngaka ea liphoofolo.

Mehato e thibelang

E 'ngoe ea mabaka a kotsi a tšoaetso ho lintja ke ho kopana le liphoofolo tse kulang le liphiri tsa tsona tsa tlhaho. Ka hona, ke habohlokoa ho arola lintja tse nang le tšoaetso le ho latela melao ea bohloeki, sebelisa li-antiseptics ha u sebetsa le tsona, e le hore u se ke ua fetisetsa likokoana-hloko ho liphoofolo tse ling.

Ho entoa ho bohlokoa ho thibela mafu a lintja. Ho phaella ho eona, mehato e latelang ea thibelo e khothalletsoa:

• ho bolaea likokoana-hloko libakeng, libaka tse ka ntle, lisebelisoa tsa ntlo tse neng li sebelisoa ke lintja tse nang le tšoaetso;
• e thibetsoe ho kenya lintja tse kulang le tse hlaphohetsoeng ka har'a lintja;
• u se ke ua fepa lintja tse sa netefatsoang ke lihlahisoa tsa polao tsa ngaka ea liphoofolo;
• u se ke ua lumella liphoofolo hore li se ke tsa entoa khahlanong le leptospirosis ho kenya letsoho lipontšong le liketsahalong;
• u se ke ua tsamaea lintja seterateng tse sa kang tsa entoa khahlanong le leptospirosis le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang ka nako;
• u se ke ua lumella lintja ho itlhatsoa metsing a emeng, ho kopanyelletsa le tse ka hare ho motse;
• ho khothalletsoa ho nyalana feela haeba batho ka bobeli ba entoa khahlanong le leptospirosis le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang ka nako e behiloeng;
• netefatsa pheliso e hlophisitsoeng ea litoeba libakeng tsa bolulo le sebakeng sa lehae;
• lintja li lokela ho itholla hole le metsi a emeng, moo liphoofolo le batho ba bang, haholo-holo bana, ba ke keng ba fihlella;
• ntja e kulang e lokela ho aroloa ho liphoofolo tse ling le ho batho ba sa tsebeng letho;
• ha u sebetsa le liphoofolo tse tšoaelitsoeng, litšila tsa tsona (moroto, mantle) le lintho tsa ntlo tse silafetseng (likotlolo, literei, joalo-joalo), liatlana tsa latex, limaske le likhalase li lokela ho sebelisoa (ha u hlatsoa libaka tse silafetseng ka li-hoses).

Tsela e molemohali ea ho itšireletsa khahlanong le leptospirosis ke ente! Lefu lena le bonolo ho thibela ho feta ho phekola.

Liente tsa Canine leptospirosis

Leptospirosis e ka thibeloa ka ente. Liphoofolo tse phetseng hantle ho tloha libeke tse 8 li tlas'a eona. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ente e tla sireletsa ntja feela khahlanong le mefuta e seng mekae ea causative agent ea leptospirosis, e nkoang e le e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa. 'Me haeba ntja e kopana le khatello eo e e-s'o entoe ho eona, joale lefu lena le ntse le ka hlaha. Kamora ho entoa, ts'ireletso e etsahala kamora matsatsi a 14 ho isa ho likhoeli tse 12.

Ente e sebetsa ka ho fetisisa ha kemiso ea ho qala le ho tsosolosoa ha ente e khomaretsoe ka thata, ho latela litlhahiso tse amohelehang. Revaccination e tlameha ho etsoa selemo le selemo.

Lintja tse sa kang tsa entoa khahlanong le leptospirosis ka likhoeli tse fetang 18 li lokela ho fumana litekanyetso tsa 2 tsa ente libeke tse 3-4 ka thōko, joalokaha eka li entoa ka lekhetlo la pele bophelong ba tsona.

Lintja tse kotsing e kholo libakeng tsa leholimo tse nang le mariha a batang li lokela ho entoa nakong ea selemo.

Ho fihlela joale, ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea liente tse khahlanong le leptospirosis, tse fapaneng ho tse ling ka bongata ba serovars (li-strains) tsa leptospira:

1. Liente tsa 2-serovar (Nobivac Lepto, Netherlands ea tšimoloho), Eurican (Fora ea tlhaho), Vangard (Belgium ea tšimoloho);

2. Liente tse nang le li-serovars tse 3 (Eurican multi, naha ea tlhahiso ea Fora), Multican (naha ea tlhahiso ea Russia);

3. Liente tse nang le li-serovars tse 4 (Nobivac L4, Netherlands).

Melemo ea ho entoa e feta hōle kotsi e ka bang teng ho phoofolo, 'me liphello tse mpe ha lia tloaeleha. Moetsi e mong le e mong o tiisa polokeho ea sehlahisoa sa bona ka lithuto tse ngata.

Ho sa tsotellehe boemo leha e le bofe, ka mor'a hore ente e fanoe, u ka lula tleliniking ea liphoofolo ka metsotso e 20-30 ho bona hore na 'mele oa phoofolo o itšoara joang ho lithethefatsi tse tsamaisoang.

Sengoliloeng ha se pitso ea ho nka khato!

Bakeng sa thuto e qaqileng haholoanyane ea bothata, re khothaletsa ho ikopanya le setsebi.

Botsa ngaka ea liphoofolo

17 September 2020

E ntlafalitsoe: Hlakola 13, 2021