Lijo tse tala bakeng sa likolobe

Furu e tala ke karolo e ka sehloohong le ea bohlokoahali ea lijo. Li na le theko e tlaase, li na le limatlafatsi tse ngata, li jeoa hantle le ho cheka ke likolobe, 'me li na le phello e molemo tlhahisong ea tsona. Mefuta eohle ea limela le limela tsa lijo-thollo li ka sebelisoa e le furu e tala: clover, alfalfa, vetch, lupine, sweet clover, sainfoin, lierekisi, seradella, sebaka sa meadow, rye ea mariha, oats, poone, joang ba Sudan, ryegrass; makhulo, mabala le joang bo merung. Li-legumes le li-legume-cereal tse nang le liprotheine tse ngata, livithamine le liminerale tsa bohlokoa ka ho khetheha. 

Joang ke e 'ngoe ea furu ea mantlha ebile e theko e tlase. Ka palo e lekaneng le e fapaneng ea litlama tsa tlhaho le tse jalang, u ka li etsa ka bonyane ba li-concentrates, u li fa feela tse tšehali le liphoofolo tse nyane ho fihlela likhoeling tse peli. E le hore lijo tse tala li be lijong tsa likolobe tsa Guinea ka bongata bo lekaneng ho tloha nakong ea selemo ho fihlela ka hoetla, hoa hlokahala ho hlokomela ho theha mochine o motala. Mathoasong a selemo, ho ka sebelisoa rye ea mariha ho tloha ho tse melang naheng - nettle, cuff, lengana, burdock, li-sedges tsa pele le letlobo le lenyenyane la moluoane, moluoane, aspen le poplar. 

Halofo ea pele ea lehlabula, sejalo se loketseng ka ho fetisisa sa ho tsamaisa thepa e tala ke clover e khubelu. Ho tloha ho tse hlaha, li-forbs tse nyane li ka ba lijo tse ntle ka nako ena. 

Tlhokahalo ea likolobe bakeng sa lijo tse tala e ka koaheloa ka katleho ke litlama tse fapaneng tse hlaha: nettle, burdock, plantain, yarrow, parsnip ea khomo, joang bo kang bethe (haholo-holo metso ea eona), sage, heather, tansy (wild rowan), dandelion, moutloa o monyenyane, moutloa oa kamele, hammoho le colza, milkweed, serapeng le sehlabathe sa masimo, lengana le tse ling tse ngata. 

Litlama tse ling tsa naha - lengana, tarragon, tarragon tarragon le dandelion - li lokela ho feptjoa ka hloko. Limela tsena li jeoa hantle ke liphoofolo, empa li na le phello e kotsi 'meleng. Dandelion e fuoa ho fihla ho 30% ea tloaelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea furu e tala, 'me lengana le tarragon, kapa tarragon tarragon, ha li khothalletsoe ho feptjoa. 

Nettle e hlabang (Urtica dioica L.) - semela se sa feleng sa herbaceous se tsoang lelapeng la nettle (Urticaceae) se nang le rhizome e hahabang. Li-stems li otlolohile, li-ovate-oblong, ho fihlela ho 15 cm ka bolelele le bophara ba 8 cm, li kolobile ka mathōko, ka li-petioles. 

Makhasi a nettle a na le livithamine tse ngata haholo - a na le ho fihla ho 0,6% ascorbic acid (vithamine C), ho fihla ho 50 mg% carotene (provitamin A), divithamini K (ho fihla ho 400 ea likokoana-hloko ka 1 g) le sehlopha sa B. Sena ke tlhaho vithamine concentrate. Ho phaella moo, makhasi a nettle a na le liprotheine tse ngata, chlorophyll (ho fihlela ho 8%), starch (ho fihlela ho 10%), lik'habohaedreite tse ling (hoo e ka bang 1%), letsoai la tšepe, potasiamo, koporo, manganese, titanium, nickel, joalo-joalo. hammoho le li-tannins le li-organic acid. 

Nettle e na le boleng bo phahameng ba phepo, e na le protheine ea 20-24% (protheine ea meroho), 18-25% fiber, 2,5-3,7% ea mafura, 31-33% e se nang naetrojene. E na le vithamine K e ngata, calcium, potasiamo, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, tšepe le letsoai le leng. 

Makhasi a eona le letlobo li sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa thibelo le kalafo ea beriberi, eo hangata e hlahang qetellong ea mariha le mathoasong a selemo. Mokhoa oa kopo ke o bonolo ka ho fetisisa - phofo e tsoang makhasi a omisitsoeng e kenngoa lijong. 

Makhasi a kotuloa nakong ea lipalesa le lipalesa tsa nettle (lipalesa ho tloha ka Mots'eanong ho fihlela hoetla, litholoana li butsoa ho tloha ka Phupu). Hangata makhasi a thimola ka mitten ho latela kutu ho tloha tlase ho ea holimo, empa u ka poma kapa ua khaola letlobo, ua le omisa hanyenyane, ebe u pola makhasi holim'a libethe tse hloekileng, 'me u lahle lithupa tse teteaneng. Hangata, litlhōrō tsa letlobo le lenyenyane lia kha 'me li omisitsoe, li tlameletsoe ka dingata. Ho omisoa ha lisebelisoa tse tala tsa nettle ho lokela ho etsoa ka likamoreng tse nang le moea o motlakase, ka li-attic, ka sheds, empa kamehla sebakeng se sirelelitsoeng ho tloha letsatsing le tobileng, kaha li ka senya tse ling tsa livithamine. 

Makhasi a manyenyane a nettle a na le phepo e nepahetseng haholo mathoasong a selemo. Nettle e ncha e tlameha ho belisoa pele ka metsotso e 2-3 ka metsing, ebe e hatelloa hanyenyane 'me, ka mor'a ho sila, e kenngoa motsoako o metsi. 

Bopi ba joang bo lokisitsoeng ka bobatsi le bona bo na le litšobotsi tse phahameng tsa furu. Mabapi le litaba tsa lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa 'mele, e feta phofo e tsoang motsoako oa timothy le clover' me e lekana le phofo e tsoang lesereng. Nettles e kotuloa pele e thunya (June-July) - hamorao e lahleheloa ke tse ling tsa thepa ea eona e molemo. Limela lia khaoloa kapa lia khaoloa 'me makhasi a lumelloa ho pona hanyenyane, ka mor'a moo nettle ha e sa "loma". 

Mariha, makhasi a sithabetseng a omeletseng a kenngoa motsoako oa lijo-thollo kapa a phehiloe ka metsotso e 5-6 ho fihlela a nolofalitsoe ka setshelo se nang le sekwahelo se koetsoeng. Ka mor'a ho pheha, metsi a tšoloha, 'me boima bo hlahisoang bo hatelloa hanyenyane ebe bo kenngoa ho fepa. 

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg. sl) – setlama se sa feleng se tsoang lelapeng la Asteraceae, kapa Asteraceae (Compositae, kapa Asteraceae), se nang le motso oa nama o kenang botebong ba mobu (ho fihla ho 60 cm). Makhasi a bokelloa ka har'a rosette ea basal, ho tloha bohareng ba eona moo metsu ea lipalesa e se nang makhasi e 15-50 cm e holang nakong ea selemo. Li qetella ka inflorescence e le 'ngoe - baskete ea bophara ba 3,5 cm e nang le sephutheloana sa mela e 'meli e sootho-botala. Makhasi a fapana ka sebopeho le boholo. Hangata li na le sebōpeho sa mohoma, pinnate-spatulate kapa pinnate-lanceolate, bolelele ba 10-25 cm le bophara ba 2-5 cm, hangata li na le midrib e pinki. 

Lipalesa ho tloha ka April ho ea ho June, litholoana li butsoa ka May-June. Hangata, nako ea lipalesa tse ngata ha e tšoarelle nako e telele - libeke tse peli ho isa ho tse tharo halofo ea bobeli ea May le mathoasong a June. 

E hōla libakeng tse fapa-fapaneng tsa bolulo: makhulo, mathōko, libaka tse hloekileng, lirapa, masimo, lirapa tsa meroho, libaka tsa lehoatata, haufi le litsela, mohloa, lirapeng tsa boikhathollo, haufi le matlo. 

Makhasi le metso ea Dandelion li na le phepo e nepahetseng. Makhasi a na le carotenoids e ngata (provitamin A), ascorbic acid, divithamini B1 B2, R. Li sebelisoa e le ho baba, e leng se susumetsang takatso ea lijo le ho ntlafatsa tšilo ea lijo. Metso ea Dandelion e na le inulin (ho fihlela ho 40%), tsoekere, malic acid le lintho tse ling. 

Makhasi a semela sena a jeoa habonolo ke likhaka. Ke mohloli oa livithamine le letsoai la diminerale. Makhasi a dandelion a fepeloa liphoofolo ho tloha mathoasong a selemo ho fihlela ka hoetla ka bongata bo sa lekanyetsoang. Ntho e babang e ka har'a makhasi e khothalletsa phallo ea mali, e matlafatsa tšilo ea lijo 'me e tsosa takatso ea lijo. 

Plantain e kholo (Plantago major L.) ke litlama tse sa feleng tse melang joalo ka lehola hohle. Makhasi a Plantain a na le potassium e ngata le citric acid, a na le aukubin glycoside, invertin le li-enzyme tsa emulsin, li-tannins tse babang, alkaloids, vithamine C, carotene. Peo e na le lik'habohaedreite, lintho tsa mucous, oleic acid, 15-10% ea mofuta oa oli e mafura. 

Har'a litlama, ho boetse ho na le **chefo e ngata **, e ka bakang chefo ea lijo esita le lefu ho likolobe. Limela tsena li kenyelletsa: kokorysh (parsley ea ntja), hemlock, chefo ea bohlokoa, celandine, pherese kapa e khubelu foxglove, wrestler, May khahla ea phula, hellebore e tšoeu, larkspur (li-cornflowers tse linaka), henbane, leihlo la lekhoaba, nightshade, dope, anemone, hlaba-hlabane e chefo , monokotšoai oa phiri, bofofu bosiu, marsh marigold, meadow backache, poppy ea ho iketsetsa peo, bracken fern, marsh wild rosemary. 

Mefuta e fapaneng **masela le mahapu**, makhasi le letlobo la lifate tse ling le lihlahla li ka sebelisoa e le furu e tala. Litholoana tse ntle li fumanoa ho fepa makhasi a k'habeche, lettuce, litapole le lihoete tsa rantipole. Litlhōrō tsa litapole li lokela ho chesoa feela ka mor'a hore lipalesa li thunya 'me li lule li le tala. Litlhōrō tsa tamati, li-beet, li-swedes le li-turnips li fa liphoofolo tse fetang 150-200 g ka hlooho ka letsatsi. Ho fepa makhasi a mangata ho baka letšollo ho bona, haholo-holo liphoofolong tse nyenyane. 

Sejalo sa furu se nang le phepo e ntle le se baballang ke **poone e motala**, e nang le tsoekere e ngata 'me e jeoa habonolo ke likhaka. Poone e le furu e tala e sebelisoa ho tloha qalong ea ho tsoa ka har'a tube ho fihlela panicle e lahleloa ka ntle. E fuoa liphoofolo tse kholo ho fihlela ho 70% le liphoofolo tse nyenyane ho fihlela ho 40% kapa ho feta tloaelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea furu e tala. Poone e sebetsa hantle ha e kopantsoe le lesere, clover le litlama tse ling. 

Spinach (Spinacia oleracia L.). Makhasi a limela tse nyane a jeoa. Li na le livithamine tse ngata, li na le liprotheine tse ngata le letsoai la tšepe, phosphorus, calcium. Ho na le potasiamo e ngata ho 100 g ea spinach - 742 mg. Makhasi a spinach a pona ka potlako ho tloha mocheso o phahameng, kahoo bakeng sa polokelo ea nako e telele, spinach e hoamisoa, e kenngoa ka makotikoting kapa e omisitsoe. E sa tsoa le leqhoa, e ka bolokoa ka mocheso oa -1 ° C bakeng sa likhoeli tse 2-3. 

Kale - lijo tse babatsehang, ho tloha qetellong ea August ho fihlela qalong ea mariha. Ka hona, k'habeche ea furu e ka feptjoa ho liphoofolo ho fihlela ka hoetla le nakong ea halofo ea pele ea mariha. 

Khabeche (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitate L.) – e fana ka bongata bo boholo ba makhasi a feptjoang a le foreshe ho liphoofolo. Mefuta e mengata ea k'habeche e 'nile ea hōlisoa. Li kopantsoe ka lihlopha tse peli: hlooho e tšoeu (forma alba) le hlooho e khubelu (forma rubra). Letlalo la makhasi a khubelu a k'habeche le na le 'mala o mongata oa anthocyanin. Ka lebaka la sena, lihlooho tsa mefuta e joalo li na le 'mala oa lilac kapa pherese oa matla a fapaneng. Li nkoa e le tsa bohlokoa ho feta k'habeche e tšoeu, empa boleng ba tsona ba phepo bo batla bo tšoana, leha ho na le vithamine C hanyenyane ka har'a k'habeche e khubelu. Lihlooho tsa hae li teteane.

K'habeche e tšoeu e na le lihlooho ho tloha ho 5 ho isa ho 15% e omileng, ho kenyeletsa 3-7% ea tsoekere, ho fihla ho 2,3% ea protheine, ho fihla ho 54 mg% ascorbic acid (vithamine C). Ka k'habecheng e khubelu, 8-12% ea lintho tse omileng, ho kenyelletsa 4-6% ea tsoekere, 1,5-2% ea protheine, ho fihla ho 62 mg% ascorbic acid, hammoho le carotene, divithamini B1 le B2, pantothenic acid, letsoai la sodium. , potasiamo, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, iodine. 

Le hoja boleng ba phepo ea k'habeche bo se bo phahameng haholo, bo na le li-amino acid le li-trace elements tse hlokahalang haholo bakeng sa 'mele,' me ka ho fetisisa, ke sehlopha se seholo sa livithamini (C, sehlopha B, PP, K, U, joalo-joalo). . 

Limela tsa Brussels (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC) hōlileng ka molemong oa lekhasi buds (lihlooho) teng hammoho eohle bolelele ba bakoang. Li na le 13-21% ea lintho tse omeletseng, ho kenyelletsa le 2,5-5,5% ea tsoekere, ho fihlela ho 7% ea protheine; E na le hoo e ka bang 290 mg% ea ascorbic acid (vithamine C), 0,7-1,2 mg% ea carotene (provitamin A), divithamini B1, B2, B6, letsoai la sodium, potasiamo, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, tšepe, iodine. Mabapi le litaba tsa vithamine C, e feta mefuta e meng eohle ea moroho. 

Koliflower (Brassica cauliflora Luzg.) e hlahella ka lebaka la hore e na le livithamini tse ngata C, B1, B2, B6, PP le letsoai la diminerale. 

Broccoli – khabeche ea asparagus (Brassica cauliflora subsp. simplex Lizg.). Cauliflower e na le lihlooho tse tšoeu, ha broccoli e na le lihlooho tse tala. Setso se na le phepo e nepahetseng haholo. E na le 2,54% ea tsoekere, hoo e ka bang 10% solids, 83-108 mg% ascorbic acid, carotenes, hammoho le livithamine tsa B, PP, choline, methionine. Broccoli e ruile ka calcium le phosphorus ho feta cauliflower. Lihlooho tse sehiloeng li tlameha ho bolokoa ka sehatsetsing, kaha li potlakela ho fetoha mosehla. Bakeng sa kotulo ea mariha, li hoamisoa ka mekotleng ea polasetiki. 

Lettuce la lekhasi (Lactuca saliva var. secalina Alef). Monyetla oa eona o moholo ke precocity, e hlahisa rosette ea makhasi a monate a loketse ho jeoa matsatsi a 25-40 kamora ho jala. Makhasi a lettuce a jeoa a le foreshe ebile a le tala. 

Makhasi a lettuce a na le ho tloha ho 4 ho isa ho 11% ea lintho tse omeletseng, ho kenyeletsoa ho fihla ho 4% ea tsoekere le ho fihla ho 3% ea protheine e tala. Empa lettuce ha e tumme ka limatlafatsi tsa eona. E na le palo e kholo ea matsoai a bohlokoa bakeng sa 'mele: potasiamo (ho fihla ho 3200 mg%), calcium (ho fihla ho 108 mg%) le tšepe. Makhasi a semela sena ke mohloli oa hoo e batlang e le livithamine tsohle tse tsejoang limela: B1, B2, C, P, PP, K, E, folic acid, carotene (provitamin A). 'Me leha litaba tsa bona tse felletseng li le nyane, empa ka lebaka la vithamine e felletseng joalo, makhasi a lettuce a ntlafatsa tšilo ea lijo le metabolism' meleng. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo nakong ea selemo le mathoasong a lehlabula, ha tlala ea vithamine e ngata kapa e fokolang. 

Parsley (Petroselinum hortense Hoffm.) e na le boleng bo phahameng ba vithamine C (ho fihla ho 300 mg%) le vithamine A (carotene ho fihlela ho 11 mg%). Oli ea bohlokoa e teng ho eona e na le phello e molemo lithong tsa tšilo ea lijo. 

Li-vithamine ka 100 g ea motso oa parsley (mg%): carotene - 0,03, vithamine B1 - 0,1, vithamine B2 - 0,086, vithamine PP - 2,0, vithamine B6 - 0,23, vithamine C - 41,0, XNUMX. 

Of furu ya patsi ho molemo ho fa likolobe makala a aspen, maple, molora, moluoane, linden, leoka, molora oa lithaba (ka makhasi le monokotsoai), birch le makala a lifate tsa coniferous. 

Ho molemo ho kotula furu ea makala nakong ea mariha ka June-July, ha makala a na le phepo e nepahetseng haholo. Makala a seng botenya ho feta 1 cm botlaaseng aa khaoloa ebe a lohuoa ka mafielo a manyane a hlephileng a bolelele ba mithara e le 'ngoe, ebe a fanyehoa ka bobeli hore a omelle ka tlas'a canopy. 

Ho fepa likolobe tsa khaka ka nako e telele ka furu e tala ka bongata bo lekaneng ho li fa livithamine, liminerale le protheine e feletseng, e leng se tlatsetsang ho lengoa ha liphoofolo tse nyenyane tse phetseng hantle, tse tsoetseng pele hantle.