Lijo tse monate bakeng sa likolobe
Lijo tse nang le lero li kenyelletsa litholoana, meroho, lijalo tsa metso le likhahla. Kaofela ha tsona li jeoa hantle ke liphoofolo, li na le lijo tse phahameng, li na le lik'habohaedreite tse silehang habonolo, empa li batla li fokola ka liprotheine, mafura le liminerale, haholo-holo tse bohlokoa tse kang k'halsiamo le phosphorus.
Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lihoete tse mosehla le tse khubelu, tse nang le carotene e ngata, ke lijo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tse tsoang ho lijalo tsa metso. Hangata li feptjoa ho tse tšehali nakong ea boimana le ho anyesa, ho tsoalisa tse tona nakong ea ho tlolelana, hammoho le ho liphoofolo tse nyenyane.
Ho tsoa lijalong tse ling tsa metso, liphoofolo li ja li-sugar beet, rutabaga, turnips le turnips ka boithatelo.
rutabaga (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) e ruisetsoa metso ea eona e jeoang. 'Mala oa metso o tšoeu kapa o mosehla,' me karolo e ka holimo ea eona, e hlahella mobung, e fumana tan e tala, e bofubelu-e sootho kapa e pherese. Nama ea semela sa motso e na le lero, e teteaneng, e mosehla, hangata e tšoeu, e monate, e nang le tatso e khethehileng ea oli ea mosetareta. Motso oa swede o na le 11-17% e omileng, ho kenyelletsa le 5-10% ea tsoekere, e emeloang haholo ke tsoekere, ho fihla ho 2% ea protheine e tala, 1,2% fiber, 0,2% mafura, le 23-70 mg% ascorbic acid. . (vithamine C), livithamine tsa lihlopha tsa B le P, letsoai la potasiamo, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, magnesium, sebabole. Lijalo tsa metso li bolokiloe hantle ka kamoreng e ka tlaase le li-cellars ka mocheso o tlase 'me li lula li le foreshe hoo e ka bang selemo ho pota. Lijalo tsa metso le makhasi (litlhōrō) li jeoa ka boithatelo ke liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, kahoo rutabaga e lengoa e le sejalo sa lijo le furu.
Lihoete (Daucus sativus (Hoffm.) Roehl) ke semela se nang le lilemo tse peli ho tsoa lelapeng la Orchidaceae e leng sejalo sa furu sa bohlokoa, lijalo tsa sona tsa metso li ja habonolo mefuta eohle ea mehlape le likhoho. Mefuta e khethehileng ea lihoete tsa furu e 'nile ea hlahisoa, e khetholloang ka boholo ba metso e meholo, ka lebaka leo, lihlahisoa tse ngata. Hase feela lijalo tsa metso, empa le makhasi a rantipole a sebelisoa bakeng sa lijo. Metso ea lihoete e na le 10-19% e omileng, ho kenyelletsa le protheine e fihlang ho 2,5% le tsoekere e fihlang ho 12%. Tsoekere e fana ka tatso e monate ea metso ea rantipole. Ntle le moo, lijalo tsa motso li na le pectin, vithamine C (ho fihla ho 20 mg%), B1, B2, B6, E, K, P, PP, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, cobalt, boron, chromium, koporo, iodine le lintlha tse ling. likarolo. Empa motsoako o phahameng oa dae ea carotene metsong (ho fihlela ho 37 mg%) e fana ka bohlokoa bo khethehileng ho lihoete. Ho batho le liphoofolo, carotene e fetoloa vithamine A, eo hangata e haellang. Kahoo, ho ja lihoete ha ho molemo haholo ka lebaka la matla a eona a phepo e nepahetseng, empa hobane ho fana ka 'mele hoo e ka bang livithamine tsohle tseo o li hlokang.
turnip (Brassica rapa L.) e lengoa bakeng sa lijalo tsa eona tse jeoang. Nama ea lijalo tsa motso e na le lero, e mosehla kapa e tšoeu, e nang le tatso e monate e ikhethang. Li na le lintho tse omileng ho tloha ho 8 ho isa ho 17%, ho kenyelletsa le 3,5-9%. Tsoekere, e emeloang haholo ke tsoekere, ho fihla ho 2% ea protheine e tala, 1.4% fiber, 0,1% mafura, hammoho le 19-73 mg% ascorbic acid (vithamine C), 0,08-0,12 mg% thiamine ( vithamine B1 ), riboflavin e nyenyane (vithamine B2), carotene (provitamin A), nicotinic acid (vithamine PP), letsoai la potasiamo, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, magnesium, sebabole. Oli ea mosetareta e ka har'a eona e fana ka monko o khethehileng le tatso e bohale ho motso oa turnip. Mariha, lijalo tsa motso li bolokoa ka li-cellars le li-cellars. Tlhokomelo e ntle ka ho fetisisa e netefatsoa lefifing ka mocheso oa 0 ° ho isa ho 1 ° C, haholo-holo haeba metso e fafatsoa ka lehlabathe le omileng kapa peat chips. Makhotla a ka morao a Turnip a bitsoa li-turnips. Ha se feela lijalo tsa motso tse feptjoang, empa le makhasi a turnip.
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. esculenta Guerke), semela se nang le lilemo tse peli ho tsoa lelapeng la haze, ke e 'ngoe ea furu e monate ka ho fetisisa. Lijalo tsa motso tsa mefuta e fapaneng li fapana ka sebopeho, boholo, 'mala. Hangata, metso ea beet ea tafole ha e fete boima ba halofo ea kilogram e bophara ba 10-20 cm. Litholoana tsa lijalo tsa motso li hlaha ka mefuta e fapaneng ea 'mala o mofubelu le krimsone. Makhasi a na le poleiti ea cordate-ovate le li-petioles tse telele. Petiole le mothapo o bohareng hangata li na le 'mala o mosoeu, hangata lekhasi lohle le bofubelu bo botala.
Ka bobeli metso le makhasi le li-petioles tsa tsona lia jeoa. Lijalo tsa motso li na le 14-20% e omileng, ho kenyeletsoa tsoekere ea 8-12,5%, e emeloang haholo ke sucrose, 1-2,4% ea protheine e tala, e ka bang 1,2% pectin, 0,7% fiber, le fiber. ho fihlela ho 25 mg% ea ascorbic acid (vithamine C), livithamine B1, B2, P le PP, malic, tartaric, lactic acid, letsoai la potasiamo, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, magnesium. Ka li-beet petioles, litaba tsa vithamine C li phahame ho feta lijalo tsa metso - ho fihla ho 50 mg%.
Li-beet li boetse li loketse hobane lijalo tsa tsona tsa metso, ha li bapisoa le meroho e meng, li khetholloa ke bobebe bo botle - ha li senyehe nako e telele nakong ea polokelo ea nako e telele, li bolokoa habonolo ho fihlela nakong ea selemo, e leng se li lumellang hore li fepe li ncha hoo e ka bang tsohle. selemo ho pota. Le hoja li fetoha tse thata le tse thata ka nako e le 'ngoe, sena ha se bothata ho litoeba, li ja li-beet ka boithatelo.
Bakeng sa merero ea furu, mefuta e khethehileng ea li-beet e 'nile ea hōlisoa. 'Mala oa metso ea beet ea furu o fapane haholo - ho tloha hoo e batlang e le tšoeu ho ea ho mosehla o matla, oa lamunu, o pinki le o mofubelu. Boleng ba bona ba phepo bo khethoa ke litaba tsa tsoekere ea 6-12%, palo e itseng ea protheine le divithamini.
Lijalo tsa metso le li-tuber, haholo-holo mariha, li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fepa liphoofolo. Lijalo tsa motso (li-turnips, li-beet, joalo-joalo) li lokela ho fanoa li le tala ka mokhoa o sehiloeng; li hloekisoa pele mobung ebe lia hlatsuoa.
Meroho le lijalo tsa motso li lokiselitsoe ho fepa ka tsela e latelang: li hlophisa, li lahle tse bolileng, tse flabby, tse nang le metso e mebala-bala, hape li tlosa mobu, lithōle, joalo-joalo. Ebe u khaola libaka tse amehileng ka thipa, u li hlatsoe 'me u li khaole likotoana tse nyane.
Lithako - mokopu, zucchini, lehapu la furu - li na le metsi a mangata (90% kapa ho feta), ka lebaka leo boleng ba tsona ba phepo e nepahetseng bo tlaase, empa li jeoa ke liphoofolo ka boithatelo. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L var, giromontia Duch.) ke sejalo se setle sa furu. E lengoa bakeng sa litholoana tsa eona. Litholoana li fihla butle-butle (botekgeniki) ka mor'a matsatsi a 40-60 ka mor'a ho mela. Boemong ba ho butsoa ha tekheniki, letlalo la zucchini le bonolo haholo, nama e na le lero, e tšoeu, 'me peo ha e e-so koaheloe ka khetla e thata. Litholoana tsa squash li na le lintho tse omileng ho tloha ho 4 ho isa ho 12%, ho kenyelletsa le tsoekere ea 2-2,5%, pectin, 12-40 mg% ascorbic acid (vithamine C). Hamorao, ha litholoana tsa squash li fihla ho butsoa ha likokoana-hloko, boleng ba tsona ba phepo bo theoha haholo, hobane nama e lahleheloa ke lero la eona 'me e batla e le thata joaloka makhapetla a ka ntle, moo lesela la mochine - sclerenchyma - le hlahang. Litholoana tse butsoitseng tsa zucchini li loketse feela lijo tsa liphoofolo. Likomkomere (Cucumis sativus L.) Likomkomere tse loketseng biologically ke mae a bomme a matsatsi a 6-15. Mmala wa tsona maemong a kgwebo (ke hore e sa butswa) o motala, ka ho butswa ka botlalo ha biology di fetoha mosehla, sootho kapa bosweu. Likomkomere li na le lintho tse omileng ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 6%, ho kenyeletsoa 1-2,5% ea tsoekere, 0,5-1% ea protheine e tala, 0,7% fiber, 0,1% mafura, le ho fihla ho 20 mg% carotene (provitamin A). ), livithamine B1, B2, likarolo tse ling tsa trace (haholo-holo iodine), letsoai la k'halsiamo (ho fihlela ho 150 mg%), sodium, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, joalo-joalo Ho lokela ho buuoa ka ho khetheha ka cucurbitacin glycoside e nang le likomkomere. Hangata ha re e hlokomele, empa maemong ao ntho ena e bokellang, likomkomere kapa likarolo tsa eona ka bomong, hangata li-tissue tsa holim'a metsi, li ba bohloko, li sa jeoe. 94-98% ea boima ba likomkomere ke metsi, ka hona, boleng ba phepo ea meroho ena bo tlase. Likomkomere li khothalletsa ho monya hantle ha lijo tse ling, haholo-holo, ho ntlafatsa ho monya ha mafura. Litholoana tsa semela sena li na le li-enzyme tse eketsang ts'ebetso ea livithamini tsa B.
Lijo tse nang le lero li kenyelletsa litholoana, meroho, lijalo tsa metso le likhahla. Kaofela ha tsona li jeoa hantle ke liphoofolo, li na le lijo tse phahameng, li na le lik'habohaedreite tse silehang habonolo, empa li batla li fokola ka liprotheine, mafura le liminerale, haholo-holo tse bohlokoa tse kang k'halsiamo le phosphorus.
Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lihoete tse mosehla le tse khubelu, tse nang le carotene e ngata, ke lijo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tse tsoang ho lijalo tsa metso. Hangata li feptjoa ho tse tšehali nakong ea boimana le ho anyesa, ho tsoalisa tse tona nakong ea ho tlolelana, hammoho le ho liphoofolo tse nyenyane.
Ho tsoa lijalong tse ling tsa metso, liphoofolo li ja li-sugar beet, rutabaga, turnips le turnips ka boithatelo.
rutabaga (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) e ruisetsoa metso ea eona e jeoang. 'Mala oa metso o tšoeu kapa o mosehla,' me karolo e ka holimo ea eona, e hlahella mobung, e fumana tan e tala, e bofubelu-e sootho kapa e pherese. Nama ea semela sa motso e na le lero, e teteaneng, e mosehla, hangata e tšoeu, e monate, e nang le tatso e khethehileng ea oli ea mosetareta. Motso oa swede o na le 11-17% e omileng, ho kenyelletsa le 5-10% ea tsoekere, e emeloang haholo ke tsoekere, ho fihla ho 2% ea protheine e tala, 1,2% fiber, 0,2% mafura, le 23-70 mg% ascorbic acid. . (vithamine C), livithamine tsa lihlopha tsa B le P, letsoai la potasiamo, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, magnesium, sebabole. Lijalo tsa metso li bolokiloe hantle ka kamoreng e ka tlaase le li-cellars ka mocheso o tlase 'me li lula li le foreshe hoo e ka bang selemo ho pota. Lijalo tsa metso le makhasi (litlhōrō) li jeoa ka boithatelo ke liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, kahoo rutabaga e lengoa e le sejalo sa lijo le furu.
Lihoete (Daucus sativus (Hoffm.) Roehl) ke semela se nang le lilemo tse peli ho tsoa lelapeng la Orchidaceae e leng sejalo sa furu sa bohlokoa, lijalo tsa sona tsa metso li ja habonolo mefuta eohle ea mehlape le likhoho. Mefuta e khethehileng ea lihoete tsa furu e 'nile ea hlahisoa, e khetholloang ka boholo ba metso e meholo, ka lebaka leo, lihlahisoa tse ngata. Hase feela lijalo tsa metso, empa le makhasi a rantipole a sebelisoa bakeng sa lijo. Metso ea lihoete e na le 10-19% e omileng, ho kenyelletsa le protheine e fihlang ho 2,5% le tsoekere e fihlang ho 12%. Tsoekere e fana ka tatso e monate ea metso ea rantipole. Ntle le moo, lijalo tsa motso li na le pectin, vithamine C (ho fihla ho 20 mg%), B1, B2, B6, E, K, P, PP, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, cobalt, boron, chromium, koporo, iodine le lintlha tse ling. likarolo. Empa motsoako o phahameng oa dae ea carotene metsong (ho fihlela ho 37 mg%) e fana ka bohlokoa bo khethehileng ho lihoete. Ho batho le liphoofolo, carotene e fetoloa vithamine A, eo hangata e haellang. Kahoo, ho ja lihoete ha ho molemo haholo ka lebaka la matla a eona a phepo e nepahetseng, empa hobane ho fana ka 'mele hoo e ka bang livithamine tsohle tseo o li hlokang.
turnip (Brassica rapa L.) e lengoa bakeng sa lijalo tsa eona tse jeoang. Nama ea lijalo tsa motso e na le lero, e mosehla kapa e tšoeu, e nang le tatso e monate e ikhethang. Li na le lintho tse omileng ho tloha ho 8 ho isa ho 17%, ho kenyelletsa le 3,5-9%. Tsoekere, e emeloang haholo ke tsoekere, ho fihla ho 2% ea protheine e tala, 1.4% fiber, 0,1% mafura, hammoho le 19-73 mg% ascorbic acid (vithamine C), 0,08-0,12 mg% thiamine ( vithamine B1 ), riboflavin e nyenyane (vithamine B2), carotene (provitamin A), nicotinic acid (vithamine PP), letsoai la potasiamo, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, magnesium, sebabole. Oli ea mosetareta e ka har'a eona e fana ka monko o khethehileng le tatso e bohale ho motso oa turnip. Mariha, lijalo tsa motso li bolokoa ka li-cellars le li-cellars. Tlhokomelo e ntle ka ho fetisisa e netefatsoa lefifing ka mocheso oa 0 ° ho isa ho 1 ° C, haholo-holo haeba metso e fafatsoa ka lehlabathe le omileng kapa peat chips. Makhotla a ka morao a Turnip a bitsoa li-turnips. Ha se feela lijalo tsa motso tse feptjoang, empa le makhasi a turnip.
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. esculenta Guerke), semela se nang le lilemo tse peli ho tsoa lelapeng la haze, ke e 'ngoe ea furu e monate ka ho fetisisa. Lijalo tsa motso tsa mefuta e fapaneng li fapana ka sebopeho, boholo, 'mala. Hangata, metso ea beet ea tafole ha e fete boima ba halofo ea kilogram e bophara ba 10-20 cm. Litholoana tsa lijalo tsa motso li hlaha ka mefuta e fapaneng ea 'mala o mofubelu le krimsone. Makhasi a na le poleiti ea cordate-ovate le li-petioles tse telele. Petiole le mothapo o bohareng hangata li na le 'mala o mosoeu, hangata lekhasi lohle le bofubelu bo botala.
Ka bobeli metso le makhasi le li-petioles tsa tsona lia jeoa. Lijalo tsa motso li na le 14-20% e omileng, ho kenyeletsoa tsoekere ea 8-12,5%, e emeloang haholo ke sucrose, 1-2,4% ea protheine e tala, e ka bang 1,2% pectin, 0,7% fiber, le fiber. ho fihlela ho 25 mg% ea ascorbic acid (vithamine C), livithamine B1, B2, P le PP, malic, tartaric, lactic acid, letsoai la potasiamo, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, magnesium. Ka li-beet petioles, litaba tsa vithamine C li phahame ho feta lijalo tsa metso - ho fihla ho 50 mg%.
Li-beet li boetse li loketse hobane lijalo tsa tsona tsa metso, ha li bapisoa le meroho e meng, li khetholloa ke bobebe bo botle - ha li senyehe nako e telele nakong ea polokelo ea nako e telele, li bolokoa habonolo ho fihlela nakong ea selemo, e leng se li lumellang hore li fepe li ncha hoo e ka bang tsohle. selemo ho pota. Le hoja li fetoha tse thata le tse thata ka nako e le 'ngoe, sena ha se bothata ho litoeba, li ja li-beet ka boithatelo.
Bakeng sa merero ea furu, mefuta e khethehileng ea li-beet e 'nile ea hōlisoa. 'Mala oa metso ea beet ea furu o fapane haholo - ho tloha hoo e batlang e le tšoeu ho ea ho mosehla o matla, oa lamunu, o pinki le o mofubelu. Boleng ba bona ba phepo bo khethoa ke litaba tsa tsoekere ea 6-12%, palo e itseng ea protheine le divithamini.
Lijalo tsa metso le li-tuber, haholo-holo mariha, li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fepa liphoofolo. Lijalo tsa motso (li-turnips, li-beet, joalo-joalo) li lokela ho fanoa li le tala ka mokhoa o sehiloeng; li hloekisoa pele mobung ebe lia hlatsuoa.
Meroho le lijalo tsa motso li lokiselitsoe ho fepa ka tsela e latelang: li hlophisa, li lahle tse bolileng, tse flabby, tse nang le metso e mebala-bala, hape li tlosa mobu, lithōle, joalo-joalo. Ebe u khaola libaka tse amehileng ka thipa, u li hlatsoe 'me u li khaole likotoana tse nyane.
Lithako - mokopu, zucchini, lehapu la furu - li na le metsi a mangata (90% kapa ho feta), ka lebaka leo boleng ba tsona ba phepo e nepahetseng bo tlaase, empa li jeoa ke liphoofolo ka boithatelo. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L var, giromontia Duch.) ke sejalo se setle sa furu. E lengoa bakeng sa litholoana tsa eona. Litholoana li fihla butle-butle (botekgeniki) ka mor'a matsatsi a 40-60 ka mor'a ho mela. Boemong ba ho butsoa ha tekheniki, letlalo la zucchini le bonolo haholo, nama e na le lero, e tšoeu, 'me peo ha e e-so koaheloe ka khetla e thata. Litholoana tsa squash li na le lintho tse omileng ho tloha ho 4 ho isa ho 12%, ho kenyelletsa le tsoekere ea 2-2,5%, pectin, 12-40 mg% ascorbic acid (vithamine C). Hamorao, ha litholoana tsa squash li fihla ho butsoa ha likokoana-hloko, boleng ba tsona ba phepo bo theoha haholo, hobane nama e lahleheloa ke lero la eona 'me e batla e le thata joaloka makhapetla a ka ntle, moo lesela la mochine - sclerenchyma - le hlahang. Litholoana tse butsoitseng tsa zucchini li loketse feela lijo tsa liphoofolo. Likomkomere (Cucumis sativus L.) Likomkomere tse loketseng biologically ke mae a bomme a matsatsi a 6-15. Mmala wa tsona maemong a kgwebo (ke hore e sa butswa) o motala, ka ho butswa ka botlalo ha biology di fetoha mosehla, sootho kapa bosweu. Likomkomere li na le lintho tse omileng ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 6%, ho kenyeletsoa 1-2,5% ea tsoekere, 0,5-1% ea protheine e tala, 0,7% fiber, 0,1% mafura, le ho fihla ho 20 mg% carotene (provitamin A). ), livithamine B1, B2, likarolo tse ling tsa trace (haholo-holo iodine), letsoai la k'halsiamo (ho fihlela ho 150 mg%), sodium, calcium, phosphorus, tšepe, joalo-joalo Ho lokela ho buuoa ka ho khetheha ka cucurbitacin glycoside e nang le likomkomere. Hangata ha re e hlokomele, empa maemong ao ntho ena e bokellang, likomkomere kapa likarolo tsa eona ka bomong, hangata li-tissue tsa holim'a metsi, li ba bohloko, li sa jeoe. 94-98% ea boima ba likomkomere ke metsi, ka hona, boleng ba phepo ea meroho ena bo tlase. Likomkomere li khothalletsa ho monya hantle ha lijo tse ling, haholo-holo, ho ntlafatsa ho monya ha mafura. Litholoana tsa semela sena li na le li-enzyme tse eketsang ts'ebetso ea livithamini tsa B.
Lijo tse tala bakeng sa likolobe
Likolobe tsa Guinea ke batho ba jang meroho ka ho feletseng, kahoo lijo tse tala ke motheo oa lijo tsa bona. Ho fumana leseli la hore na litlama le limela li ka sebelisoa e le lijo tse tala bakeng sa likolobe, bala sehlooho sena.
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