'Mele oa rat: likarolo tsa sebopeho sa hlooho, molomo, menoana le meno (setšoantšo)

Ka nako e telele, likhoto e ne e le letšoao la maemo a sa hloekang le batho ba tšohileng, ba fetoha matšoao a ho kula kapa tlala. Li ne li nkoa e le tse senyang lijalo ho fihlela ho hlaha liphoofolo tse khahlehang tse khabisitsoeng, tseo, ho latela bohlale le ho kopana, li ka hlōlisanang le likatse le lintja tse tloaelehileng.

Haeba u tla fumana rodent, ke habohlokoa ho emela phapang pakeng tsa likhoto, litoeba, hamster e le ho fana ka phoofolo ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa le maemo.

Litšobotsi tse akaretsang tsa phoofolo

Ho ipapisitsoe le mofuta oa mofuta, bolelele ba 'mele oa likhoto bo ka tloha ho 8 ho isa ho 30 cm. Tšobotsi e ikhethang ke mohatla o molelele, ka linako tse ling o feta bolelele ba 'mele. Boima ba phoofolo bo tloha ho 37-400 g. Haholo-holo batho ba baholo ba likhoto tse putsoa ba ka fihla boima ba 0,5 kg.

Mefuta ea khale ea boea e bohlooho le e sootho, le hoja ho boetse ho na le mebala e mosehla le ea lamunu. Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea likhoto tse hlaha ke tse bohlooho le botšo, tse fumanehang hohle. Litoeba tse ling kaofela li lula sebakeng se boletsoeng ka thata.

Mefuta e latelang e loketse hantle bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea lapeng:

Hlooho ya rat

Hlooho ea phoofolo e na le litšobotsi tse latelang:

• sebopeho se selelele;
• boholo bo boholo bo amanang le 'mele;
• nko e bohale;
• mahlo a manyane a matšo;
• litsebe tse nyane tse chitja.

E arotsoe ka karolo e ka pele - molomo, le e ka morao. Hlooho ya rat e arohane le mmele ka molala o mokgutshwane le o motenya. Tsebe e kantle e shebahala joalo ka khetla e suthehang. Ho tloha botlaaseng ba eona ho ea botebong ba lesapo la nakoana ho tloha nama ea kutlo.

Sefahleho sa rat

Sebaka sa muzzle se kenyelletsa:

• nko;
• likoti tsa mahlo;
• molomo;
• marameng;
• sebaka sa ho hlafuna.

Lekhalo la molomo le fumaneha ka pele le ka mahlakoreng a molomo. Linko li behoa ka holim'a nko haufi le tse ling. Hang-hang ka tlas'a nko, groove e otlolohileng e qala, ka lebaka leo li-incisors tse ka holimo li hlahang, esita le haeba rodent e boloka molomo oa eona o koetsoe.

Ho na le li-vibrissae haufi le ntlha ea nko. Litho tsa ho ama tse thusang phoofolo ho tsamaea le ho lekola lintho tse tseleng. Mahlo a tebile, a sirelelitsoe ke lintši tse tsamaeang. Litoeba li boetse li khetholloa ke ho ba teng ha leihlo la boraro - lera la nictitating, le khanya e khubelu ea mahlo.

Peba e na le meno a makae

Tsamaiso e khethehileng ea meno ke tšobotsi e ikhethang ea litoeba tse hlaha le tse khabisitsoeng. Kakaretso ea meno ke 16, eo 12 e hlafunang molars le lipara tse 2 tsa li-incisors tse telele karolong e bohareng ea mohlahare. Ho na le phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa bona le molars.

Sepheo sa li-incisors ke ho loma. E bohale ebile e matla, e lumella phoofolo hore e se ke ea ja lijo-thollo feela, empa le likokoanyana, hammoho le liphoofolo tse nyenyane. Ka lebaka lena, rat e hlaha hangata e sebetsa e le sebata. Hape, matla a khethehileng a lipara tsena tsa meno a lumella litoeba ho sebetsana ka katleho le lehong, konkreite le terata ea tšepe.

Li-incisors tsa likhoto li hola khafetsa, ka hona li hloka ho chorisoa khafetsa. Ha u boloka liphoofolo tse khabisitsoeng, hoa hlokahala ho li fa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng, ho seng joalo phoofolo e ka 'na ea hlokofatsoa ke meno a mangata. Enamel e teng feela karolong e ka pele ea li-incisors. Ka morao ho na le dentin, ntho e bonolo e khathalang kapele.

Li-molars li na le li-tubercle kapa li-ridges bakeng sa ho hlafuna lijo ka katleho. Ho batho ba baholo, lia hlakoloa. Enamel e bolokiloe feela ka mahlakoreng, bohareng bo boetse bo koahetsoe ke dentin.

'mele oa likhoto

'Mele oa rat o na le sebopeho se bolelele. E arotsoe ke:

• sebaka sa dorsal-thoracic, se kenyeletsang libaka tsa mokokotlo le li-interscapular;
• lumbar-abdominal, e arotsoe ka mpeng le ka morao;
• sacro-gluteal, ho kenyelletsa le libaka tsa pelvic le sacral.

Boea: 'mele oa toeba o aparetsoe ke eng

Letlalo la khoto le apesitsoe ka boea bo sa tšoaneng. Moriri o motenya le o molelele oa molebeli o etselitsoe ho folisa le letlalo ho tsoa tšenyo e kantle. The undercoat, eo hape e bitsoang undercoat, e hlokahala ho boloka mocheso oa 'mele.

Meriri eohle e entsoe ka lintho tse nang le manaka. Motheo o khomaretsoe ka mokotla oa moriri, oo li-ducts tsa litšoelesa tsa sebaceous li bulehileng. Mafura a patiloeng a etselitsoe ho tlotsa seaparo le letlalo, ho fana ka elasticity.

Mocheso oa 'mele oa rat

Ka tloaelo, mocheso oa 'mele oa rat e khabisitsoeng ke likhato tse 38,5-39,5. Ka keketseho e fokolang, khatello ea maikutlo, mocheso oa mocheso, kapa mohato oa pele oa tšoaetso o ka nkoa. Mocheso oa likhato tse 40,5 ke letšoao la ho potlakela ho ea tleliniking, empa u lokela ho e theola hang-hang. Sena se etsoa ka ho sebelisa mekotla ea leqhoa kapa ho hohla litsebe ka likotoana tse nyane tsa leqhoa.

Ho fokotseha ha mocheso ho kotsi haholo 'me ho bontša lefu le tšoaetsanoang le tsoetseng pele kapa ho tšoha. Tabeng ena, hoa hlokahala ho e phahamisa ka lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa, ebe hang-hang u isa phoofolo ea lapeng ho ngaka ea liphoofolo.

Matlapa a likhoto

Maoto a ka pele a rat a kenyelletsa:

• mahipi;
• lehetla;
• setsoe;
• forearm;
• borashe.

Maoto a ka morao a arotsoe ka:

• letheka;
• shin;
• sebaka sa serethe;
• sebaka sa tarsal;
• garena

Peba e na le menoana e mekae

Menoana ea rat e tsamaea haholo. Liropeng tse ka pele, monoana o moholo o fokotsehile 'me o shebahala joaloka kutu e khutšoanyane. Menoana e meng kaofela e tsoetse pele ka botlalo.

Maotong a ka morao ho na le menoana e 5 kaofela, e kholoanyane ka boholo ho feta maotong a ka pele. Lifate tsa palema le maoto ha li na letho.

Kutloisiso e felletseng ea sebopeho sa 'mele oa phoofolo ea lapeng e tla u thusa ho etsa khetho e nepahetseng le ho fumana motho ea phetseng hantle ea tla thabisa mong'a eona ka lilemo tse' maloa.