Lintlha tsa Physiological
Tse ka Hare
Litšobotsi tse akaretsang
Khaka, ho fapana le baemeli ba bang ba tatellano ea litoeba, e na le likarolo tse ling. Kahoo, ho na le meno a 20 feela, a seng a ntse a le teng ho masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa. Har'a tsena, li-incisors tse 'nè - tse peli ka holimo le tse peli ka mohlahare o ka tlaase. Li-fang ha li eo. Li-premolars tse 'nè le molars tse leshome le metso e' meli. Sebaka sa ho hlafuna sa molars - molars le premolars se koahetsoe ke li-tubercles.
Mmele wa kgaka o na le cylindrical. Maoto a ka pele a makgutshwane ho feta a ka morao mme a na le menwana e mene, ha maoto a ka morao a na le e meraro feela.
Ka morao ho mpa, khaka e tšehali e na le para e le 'ngoe ea litšoelesa tsa mammary.
Khaka, ha e bapisoa le likhoto tse ling, e tsoaloa ka boko bo tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa. Nakong ea tsoalo, o felisa tsoelo-pele ea morphological ea mehaho ea cerebral cortex. Tsamaiso ea methapo ea masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa e khona ho fana ka ho ikamahanya le maemo bakeng sa bophelo bo ikemetseng.
Boima ba pelo ea likhaka tse kholo ke 2,0-2,5 g. Karolelano ea lebelo la pelo ke 250-355 ka motsotso. Tšusumetso ea pelo e fokola, e tšolohile. Sebopeho sa morphological ea mali ke se latelang: li-erythrocyte tse limilione tse 5 ka 1 mm3, hemoglobin - 2%, leukocyte tse likete tse 8-10 ka 1 mm3.
Matšoafo a likolobe a na le kutloelo-bohloko ho tšusumetso ea mochine le liketso tsa likokoana-hloko (livaerase, libaktheria). Khafetsa ea metsamao ea phefumoloho e tloaelehile makhetlo a 80-130 ka motsotso.
Khaka, ho fapana le baemeli ba bang ba tatellano ea litoeba, e na le likarolo tse ling. Kahoo, ho na le meno a 20 feela, a seng a ntse a le teng ho masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa. Har'a tsena, li-incisors tse 'nè - tse peli ka holimo le tse peli ka mohlahare o ka tlaase. Li-fang ha li eo. Li-premolars tse 'nè le molars tse leshome le metso e' meli. Sebaka sa ho hlafuna sa molars - molars le premolars se koahetsoe ke li-tubercles.
Mmele wa kgaka o na le cylindrical. Maoto a ka pele a makgutshwane ho feta a ka morao mme a na le menwana e mene, ha maoto a ka morao a na le e meraro feela.
Ka morao ho mpa, khaka e tšehali e na le para e le 'ngoe ea litšoelesa tsa mammary.
Khaka, ha e bapisoa le likhoto tse ling, e tsoaloa ka boko bo tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa. Nakong ea tsoalo, o felisa tsoelo-pele ea morphological ea mehaho ea cerebral cortex. Tsamaiso ea methapo ea masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa e khona ho fana ka ho ikamahanya le maemo bakeng sa bophelo bo ikemetseng.
Boima ba pelo ea likhaka tse kholo ke 2,0-2,5 g. Karolelano ea lebelo la pelo ke 250-355 ka motsotso. Tšusumetso ea pelo e fokola, e tšolohile. Sebopeho sa morphological ea mali ke se latelang: li-erythrocyte tse limilione tse 5 ka 1 mm3, hemoglobin - 2%, leukocyte tse likete tse 8-10 ka 1 mm3.
Matšoafo a likolobe a na le kutloelo-bohloko ho tšusumetso ea mochine le liketso tsa likokoana-hloko (livaerase, libaktheria). Khafetsa ea metsamao ea phefumoloho e tloaelehile makhetlo a 80-130 ka motsotso.
Lintlha tse ka sehloohong
| Litšobotsi | latela boleng ba |
|---|---|
| Boima ba tsoalo | 50-110 g |
| Boima ba mmele wa phoofolo e kgolo | 700-1000(1800) g |
| Khōlo ea basali | matsatsi 30 |
| Kgolo ya thobalano ya banna | matsatsi 60 |
| Nako ea potoloho | matsatsi 16 |
| Nako ea bokhachane | (60)-65-(70) matsatsi |
| Palo ea malinyane | 1-5 |
| Khōlo bakeng sa ho tsoala | 3 khoeli |
| Bokgale ba ho kgwesa | Matsatsi a 14-21 (boima ba 160 g) |
| bolelele ba 'mele | 24-30 bona |
| Tšepo ea bophelo | lilemo tse 4-8 |
| Mocheso oa mantlha oa 'mele | 37-39 ° C |
| phefumoloho | 100-150 / min |
| pulse length | Metsotso ea 300 |
| Litšobotsi | latela boleng ba |
|---|---|
| Boima ba tsoalo | 50-110 g |
| Boima ba mmele wa phoofolo e kgolo | 700-1000(1800) g |
| Khōlo ea basali | matsatsi 30 |
| Kgolo ya thobalano ya banna | matsatsi 60 |
| Nako ea potoloho | matsatsi 16 |
| Nako ea bokhachane | (60)-65-(70) matsatsi |
| Palo ea malinyane | 1-5 |
| Khōlo bakeng sa ho tsoala | 3 khoeli |
| Bokgale ba ho kgwesa | Matsatsi a 14-21 (boima ba 160 g) |
| bolelele ba 'mele | 24-30 bona |
| Tšepo ea bophelo | lilemo tse 4-8 |
| Mocheso oa mantlha oa 'mele | 37-39 ° C |
| phefumoloho | 100-150 / min |
| pulse length | Metsotso ea 300 |
Tsamaiso ea mali
| Index | latela boleng ba |
|---|---|
| Molumo oa mali | 5-7 ml / 100 g ea boima ba 'mele |
| Erythrocyte | 4,5-7×106/1 dikubiki limilimithara |
| Hemoglobin | 11-15 g / 100 ml |
| Hematocrit | 40-50% |
| leukocyte | 5-12×103/1 cu. mm |
Litaba tsa leukocyte maling li eketseha ka lilemo. ROE bakeng sa hora e le 'ngoe - 2 mm bakeng sa lihora tse peli - 2,5 mm. Ho molemo ho beng ba bona ho tseba matšoao ana a tloaelehileng a likarolo tse kholo tsa mali a likolobe.
Setšoantšo se fapaneng sa mali (hemogram)
| Index | latela boleng ba |
|---|---|
| Li-lymphocyte | 45-80% |
| Li-monocyte | 8-12% |
| Li-neutrophils | 20-40, 35% |
| Li-Eosinophil | 1-5% |
| Basophils | 1-2% |
| Bilirubin | 0,24-0,30 mg / dL |
| Glucose | 50-120 mg / 100 ml |
| Index | latela boleng ba |
|---|---|
| Molumo oa mali | 5-7 ml / 100 g ea boima ba 'mele |
| Erythrocyte | 4,5-7×106/1 dikubiki limilimithara |
| Hemoglobin | 11-15 g / 100 ml |
| Hematocrit | 40-50% |
| leukocyte | 5-12×103/1 cu. mm |
Litaba tsa leukocyte maling li eketseha ka lilemo. ROE bakeng sa hora e le 'ngoe - 2 mm bakeng sa lihora tse peli - 2,5 mm. Ho molemo ho beng ba bona ho tseba matšoao ana a tloaelehileng a likarolo tse kholo tsa mali a likolobe.
Setšoantšo se fapaneng sa mali (hemogram)
| Index | latela boleng ba |
|---|---|
| Li-lymphocyte | 45-80% |
| Li-monocyte | 8-12% |
| Li-neutrophils | 20-40, 35% |
| Li-Eosinophil | 1-5% |
| Basophils | 1-2% |
| Bilirubin | 0,24-0,30 mg / dL |
| Glucose | 50-120 mg / 100 ml |
Sistimi ea lijo
Sefuba sa mala se ntlafalitse hantle 'me, joalo ka liphoofolo tse ling tse jang litlama, se batla se le seholo. Bophahamo ba mpa ke 20 - 30 cm3. E lula e tletse lijo. Mala a fihla bolelele ba limithara tse 2,3 'me a lekana le 'mele ka makhetlo a 10-12. Likolobe tsa Guinea li na le mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa ho ntša metsi. Phoofolo e kholo e ntša 50 ml ea moroto o nang le 3,5% ea uric acid.
| Index | latela boleng ba |
|---|---|
| Bongata ba mantle ka letsatsi | ho fihlela ho 0,1 kg |
| Likahare tsa metsi mantleng | 70% |
| Palo ea moroto ka letsatsi | 0,006-0,03 k |
| Boima ba moroto | 1,010-1,030 |
| Litaba tsa Ash | 2,0% |
| Boitšoaro ba moroto | alkaline |
| Sebopeho sa lebese | (%) |
|---|---|
| ntho e ommeng | 15,8 |
| Protein | 8,1 |
| Fat | 3,9 |
| nyeoe | 6,0 |
| lactose | 3,0 |
| Ash | 0,82 |
Sefuba sa mala se ntlafalitse hantle 'me, joalo ka liphoofolo tse ling tse jang litlama, se batla se le seholo. Bophahamo ba mpa ke 20 - 30 cm3. E lula e tletse lijo. Mala a fihla bolelele ba limithara tse 2,3 'me a lekana le 'mele ka makhetlo a 10-12. Likolobe tsa Guinea li na le mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa ho ntša metsi. Phoofolo e kholo e ntša 50 ml ea moroto o nang le 3,5% ea uric acid.
| Index | latela boleng ba |
|---|---|
| Bongata ba mantle ka letsatsi | ho fihlela ho 0,1 kg |
| Likahare tsa metsi mantleng | 70% |
| Palo ea moroto ka letsatsi | 0,006-0,03 k |
| Boima ba moroto | 1,010-1,030 |
| Litaba tsa Ash | 2,0% |
| Boitšoaro ba moroto | alkaline |
| Sebopeho sa lebese | (%) |
|---|---|
| ntho e ommeng | 15,8 |
| Protein | 8,1 |
| Fat | 3,9 |
| nyeoe | 6,0 |
| lactose | 3,0 |
| Ash | 0,82 |
Likolobe tsa Guinea li na le kutlo e ntle le monko o monate. Ha li behiloe maemong a kamoreng, likolobe tsa khaka li itšoara ka mokhoa o khutsitseng, li bonolo ho koetlisoa, li potlakela ho tloaela le ho tseba mong'a tsona. Li ka nkoa ka letsoho. Ka kutlo e ntle, dikolobe tsa kgaka di tlwaela lentswe la monga tsona, kahoo o hloka ho bua le tsona hangata. Leha ho le joalo, ha ba pepesehetse lintho tse ka ntle tse sa tloaelehang ho phoofolo, ba thaba habonolo ebile ba lihlong.
Haeba ho hlokahala, tlhahlobo e ntle ea khaka e nkoa ka letsoho le letšehali ka morao le ka tlas'a sefuba e le hore monoana o motona le oa pele o koahele molala, ha menoana e meng e thibela maoto a pele le ho fokotsa motsamao oa hlooho. Letsoho le letona le tšoere mokokotlo oa 'mele.
Likolobe tsa Guinea li na le kutlo e ntle le monko o monate. Ha li behiloe maemong a kamoreng, likolobe tsa khaka li itšoara ka mokhoa o khutsitseng, li bonolo ho koetlisoa, li potlakela ho tloaela le ho tseba mong'a tsona. Li ka nkoa ka letsoho. Ka kutlo e ntle, dikolobe tsa kgaka di tlwaela lentswe la monga tsona, kahoo o hloka ho bua le tsona hangata. Leha ho le joalo, ha ba pepesehetse lintho tse ka ntle tse sa tloaelehang ho phoofolo, ba thaba habonolo ebile ba lihlong.
Haeba ho hlokahala, tlhahlobo e ntle ea khaka e nkoa ka letsoho le letšehali ka morao le ka tlas'a sefuba e le hore monoana o motona le oa pele o koahele molala, ha menoana e meng e thibela maoto a pele le ho fokotsa motsamao oa hlooho. Letsoho le letona le tšoere mokokotlo oa 'mele.
Mocheso oa kolobe ea Guinea
Mocheso o tlwaelehileng wa mmele wa kgaka o maemong a 37,5-39,5°C.
Hlokomela!
Ho eketseha ha mocheso ka holimo ho 39,5 ° C ho bontša hore phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng e kula.
Ho lekanya mocheso, phoofolo e phahamisoa ka mpa ka letsohong le letšehali. Ka monoana oa letsoho le letšehali, ba hatella sebakeng sa inguinal e le hore anus e bonahale hantle, 'me ka letsoho le letona, thermometer e nang le likokoana-hloko le vaseline-lubricated e kenngoa ka har'a rectum. E kenye ka litekanyetso tse peli. Qalong, li tšoaroa hoo e batlang e le holimo, ebe li theoleloa sebakeng se rapameng. Thermometer e sebelisa mercury e tloaelehileng ea bongaka kapa bongaka ba liphoofolo.
Ka tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo e ntle, kgaka e phela lilemo tse robeli ho isa ho tse leshome.
Leha ho le joalo, joaloka sebōpuoa leha e le sefe se phelang, khaka e hlaseloa habonolo ke mafu a tšoaetsanoang le likokoana-hloko. Hoa hlokahala ho theha maemo a matle a bohloeki le a bohloeki a ho boloka, phepo e nepahetseng, le ho qoba ho petetsana ha liphoofolo. E tlameha ho hopoloa hore kolobe ea Guinea e tšaba mongobo le lirafshoa.
Hlokomela!
Ha u se u fumane boitšoaro bo sa tloaelehang ba phoofolo - ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea likoloi, ho ba sieo ha melumo e tloaelehileng e entsoeng ke liphoofolo tse phetseng hantle, u lokela ho shebisisa khaka. Haeba phoofolo e le lethargic, e thothomela, seaparo se ts'oaroa kapa se phefumoloha ka potlako, takatso ea lijo e fokotsehile, litulo tse hlephileng, joale e tlameha ho bontšoa ho ngaka ea liphoofolo. Ho lokela ho etsoa se tšoanang haeba ho ntša mpa ho e moimana.
Likolobe tsa Guinea ha li na monyetla oa ho angoa ke helminths ho feta liphoofolo tse ling.
Mocheso o tlwaelehileng wa mmele wa kgaka o maemong a 37,5-39,5°C.
Hlokomela!
Ho eketseha ha mocheso ka holimo ho 39,5 ° C ho bontša hore phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng e kula.
Ho lekanya mocheso, phoofolo e phahamisoa ka mpa ka letsohong le letšehali. Ka monoana oa letsoho le letšehali, ba hatella sebakeng sa inguinal e le hore anus e bonahale hantle, 'me ka letsoho le letona, thermometer e nang le likokoana-hloko le vaseline-lubricated e kenngoa ka har'a rectum. E kenye ka litekanyetso tse peli. Qalong, li tšoaroa hoo e batlang e le holimo, ebe li theoleloa sebakeng se rapameng. Thermometer e sebelisa mercury e tloaelehileng ea bongaka kapa bongaka ba liphoofolo.
Ka tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo e ntle, kgaka e phela lilemo tse robeli ho isa ho tse leshome.
Leha ho le joalo, joaloka sebōpuoa leha e le sefe se phelang, khaka e hlaseloa habonolo ke mafu a tšoaetsanoang le likokoana-hloko. Hoa hlokahala ho theha maemo a matle a bohloeki le a bohloeki a ho boloka, phepo e nepahetseng, le ho qoba ho petetsana ha liphoofolo. E tlameha ho hopoloa hore kolobe ea Guinea e tšaba mongobo le lirafshoa.
Hlokomela!
Ha u se u fumane boitšoaro bo sa tloaelehang ba phoofolo - ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea likoloi, ho ba sieo ha melumo e tloaelehileng e entsoeng ke liphoofolo tse phetseng hantle, u lokela ho shebisisa khaka. Haeba phoofolo e le lethargic, e thothomela, seaparo se ts'oaroa kapa se phefumoloha ka potlako, takatso ea lijo e fokotsehile, litulo tse hlephileng, joale e tlameha ho bontšoa ho ngaka ea liphoofolo. Ho lokela ho etsoa se tšoanang haeba ho ntša mpa ho e moimana.
Likolobe tsa Guinea ha li na monyetla oa ho angoa ke helminths ho feta liphoofolo tse ling.
