Limela, Linonyana le Liphoofolo tsa Mahoatata a Arctic: Likarolo tsa Bolulo le Mokhoa oa Bophelo

Lehoatata la Arctic, le ka leboea ho libaka tsohle tsa tlhaho, ke karolo ea sebaka sa Arctic, 'me le sebakeng sa Arctic, ho tloha Sehlekehlekeng sa Wrangel ho ea Sehlekehlekeng sa Franz Josef Land. Sebaka sena, se nang le lihlekehleke tsohle tsa Arctic Basin, hangata se koahetsoe ke leqhoa le lehloa, hammoho le likotoana tsa majoe le lithōle.

Lehoatata la Arctic: sebaka, boemo ba leholimo le mobu

Boemo ba leholimo ba arctic bo bolela mariha a malelele, a bohale le lehlabula le lekgutshwane le batang ntle le linako tsa ho fetoha le boemo ba leholimo bo batang. Lehlabuleng, mocheso oa moea ha o fihle ho 0 ° C, hangata pula e na le lehloa, leholimo le koahetsoe ke maru a bohlooho, 'me ho thehoa ha moholi o teteaneng ho bakoa ke mouoane o matla oa metsi a leoatle. Boemo ba leholimo bo thata joalo bo thehoa ka bobeli mabapi le mocheso o tlase haholo oa libaka tse phahameng, le ka lebaka la ho bonahatsa mocheso o tsoang holim'a leqhoa le lehloa. Ka lebaka lena, liphoofolo tse lulang sebakeng sa mahoatata a Arctic li na le phapang e kholo ho baemeli ba liphoofolo tse phelang libakeng tsa continental latitudes - ho bonolo haholo ho ikamahanya le maemo ho phela maemong a thata joalo a leholimo.

Sebaka se se nang leqhoa sa Arctic ha e le hantle e koahetsoeng ke permafrost, ka hona, mokhoa oa ho thehoa ha mobu o boemong ba pele ba nts'etsopele 'me o etsoa ka sekhahla se futsanehileng, se boetse se khetholloa ke ho bokella manganese le li-oxide tsa tšepe. Likarolong tsa mafika a fapa-fapaneng, lifilimi tsa tšepe-manganese li thehoa, tse khethollang 'mala oa mobu oa lehoatata, ha mobu oa solonchak o thehoa libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle.

Hoo e ka bang ha ho na majoe a maholo le mafika sebakeng sa Arctic, empa ho na le mafika a manyane a bataletseng, lehlabathe, 'me, ehlile, li-concretions tse tummeng tsa spherical tsa sandstone le silicon, haholo-holo, li-spherulites, li fumaneha mona.

Limela tsa lehoatata la arctic

Phapang e kholo pakeng tsa Arctic le tundra ke hore tundra ho na le monyetla oa ho ba teng bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea libōpuoa tse phelang tse ka jang limpho tsa eona, 'me lehoatateng la Arctic ho ke ke ha khoneha ho etsa sena. Ke ka lebaka lena hore ha ho na baahi ba matsoalloa sebakeng sa lihlekehleke tsa Arctic le haholo baemeli ba fokolang ba limela le liphoofolo.

Sebaka sa lehoatata la Arctic ha se na lihlahla le lifate, ho na le libaka tse arohaneng feela le tse ling tse nyenyane tse nang le lichens le mosses ea majoe, hammoho le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea algae ea mobu. Lihlekehleke tsena tse nyenyane tse nang le limela li tšoana le sebaka se chesang se mongobo har'a libaka tse sa feleng tsa lehloa le leqhoa. Baemeli feela ba limela tsa herbaceous ke sedge le joang, 'me limela tse thunyang ke saxifrage, polar poppy, alpine foxtail, ranunculus, lijo-thollo, bluegrass le arctic pike.

Liphoofolo tse hlaha tsa Lehoatata la Arctic

Liphoofolo tsa lefatše tsa sebaka se ka leboea li batla li fokola ka lebaka la limela tse fokolang haholo. Hoo e batlang e le baemeli feela ba lefatše la liphoofolo tse mahoatateng a leqhoa ke linonyana le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang.

Linonyana tse tloaelehileng haholo ke:

• li-partridge tsa tundra;
• makhoaba;
• liphooko tse tšoeu;
• linonyana tsa leoatle;
• areka;
• li-gags;
• lipheletsong tse shoeleng;
• bahloekisi;
• li-burgmasters;
• mehato;
• khutlele

Ho phaella ho baahi ba ka ho sa feleng ba sepakapaka sa Arctic, linonyana tse fallang li boetse li hlaha mona. Ha letsatsi le fihla ka leboea, 'me mocheso oa moea o ntse o phahama, linonyana tse tsoang taiga, tundra le continental latitudes li fihla Arctic, ka hona, likhantsi tse ntšo, li-white-tailed sandpipers, likhantsi tse tšoeu, li-plovers tse sootho, maleshoane a ringed, Likokoana-hloko le dunlin li hlaha nako le nako lebōpong la Leoatle la Arctic. Ha lihla tse batang li qala, mefuta e ka holimo ea linonyana e khutlela libakeng tse futhumetseng tsa libaka tse ling tse ka boroa.

Har'a liphoofolo, motho a ka khetholla baemeli ba latelang:

• khama;
• lemmings;
• Libere tse tšoeu;
• Mebutlanyana
• litiiso;
• li-walrus;
• liphiri tsa arctic;
• liphokojoe tsa Arctic;
• likhomo tsa musk;
• batho ba basoeu;
• narwhals.

Libere tsa polar esale li nkuoa e le lets'oao le ka sehloohong la Arctic, le phelang bophelo ba metsing, leha baahi ba bangata ba fapaneng le ba bangata ba lehoatata le bohale ke linonyana tsa leoatle tse lulang mabōpong a mafika a batang lehlabula, ka hona li theha "likolone tsa linonyana".

Ho ikamahanya le maemo a leholimo a leholimo a arctic

Liphoofolo tsohle tse ka holimo qobelletsoe ho ikamahanya le maemo ho phela maemong a thata joalo, kahoo ba na le likarolo tse ikhethang tsa ho ikamahanya le maemo. Ha e le hantle, bothata bo ka sehloohong ba sebaka sa Arctic ke monyetla oa ho boloka puso ea mocheso. E le hore li phele tikolohong e thata joalo, liphoofolo li tlameha ho sebetsana ka katleho le mosebetsi ona. Ka mohlala, liphokojoe tsa arctic le li-polar bear li pholosoa serameng ka lebaka la boea bo futhumetseng le bo teteaneng, masiba a hlephileng a thusa linonyana, 'me liqibi li boloka mafura a tsona.

Pholoso e eketsehileng ea lefats'e la liphoofolo ho tloha tlelaemete e thata ea Arctic e bakoa ke 'mala oa sebopeho o fumanoeng hang ha nako ea mariha e qala. Leha ho le joalo, hase baemeli bohle ba liphoofolo, ho itšetlehile ka nako ea selemo, ba ka fetolang 'mala oo ba o filoeng ka tlhaho, mohlala, libere tsa polar li lula e le beng ba boea bo bosoeu ba lehloa ho pholletsa le linako tsohle tsa selemo. Pigmentation ea tlhaho ea liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo e boetse e na le melemo - e ba lumella ho tsoma ka katleho le ho fepa lelapa lohle.

Baahi ba khahlehang ba botebong ba leqhoa la Arctic

1. Moahi ea makatsang ka ho fetisisa oa botebo ba leqhoa - khomotso, tlhapi e khōlō e boima ba tone e fetang e le ’ngoe le halofo, e bolelele ba limithara tse hlano. Tšobotsi e ikhethang ea sebōpuoa sena e nkoa e le lenaka le lelelele le tsoileng molomong, leo ha e le hantle e leng leino, empa le sa etse mesebetsi ea lona ea tlhaho.
2. Seamusi se latelang se sa tloaelehang sa Arctic ke beluga (polar dolphin), e phelang botebong ba leoatle ’me e ja litlhapi feela.
3. Liphoofolo tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa tsa liphoofolo tse ka leboea tse ka tlas'a metsi ke leruarua le bolaeang, le sa jeng feela baahi ba banyenyane ba metsi a ka leboea le mabōpo, empa le maruarua a beluga.
4. Tse ling tsa liphoofolo tse tsebahalang haholo sebakeng sa lehoatata sa Arctic ke litiiso, e emelang sechaba se arohaneng se nang le palo e kholo ea mefuta-futa. Tšobotsi e tloaelehileng ea liqibi ke mapheo, a nkang sebaka sa maoto a ka morao a liphoofolo tse anyesang, a lumellang liphoofolo hore li tsamaee libakeng tse koahetsoeng ke lehloa ntle le bothata bo boholo.
5. Walrus, e leng setho se haufi-ufi sa liqibi, e na le meno a bohale, ka lebaka leo e phunyeletsang leqhoa habonolo ebe e ntša lijo botebong ba leoatle le fatše. Hoa makatsa hore ebe walrus ha e je liphoofolo tse nyenyane feela, empa hape le litiiso.