Kholmogory mefuta ea likhomo: tlhaloso, lebese le tlhahiso ea nama, jeokrafi ea kabo

Mofuta oa likhomo oa Kholmogory ke mofuta oa khale ka ho fetisisa oa lebese la lapeng. Ha e tlosoa, ho ne ho hatisoa boima ba lebese le amoheloang, hammoho le keketseho ea mafura a lona.

Ho lumeloa hore ponahalo ea mofuta oa Kholmogory e simolohile lekholong la leshome le metso e supileng la lilemo. Mehloli ea lingoliloeng e bua ka setereke sa Dvina, se sebakeng sa sebaka sa hona joale sa Arkhangelsk. Moo, karolong e ka leboea ea naha ea Russia, temo ea liphoofolo e ne e ntse e tsoela pele ka mafolofolo halofong ea pele ea lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo.

Arkhangelsk e ne e le e 'ngoe ea likou tse kholo tsa khoebo tsa naha, tse neng li kenya letsoho khoebong ea machaba. Ka eona ho ne ho e-na le khoebo e matla ea nama, lebese, le likhomo tse phelang. E bohlokoa e kentse letsoho ntlafatsong ea leruo la liphoofolo sebakeng. Sebaka sa moroallo sa Nōka ea Dvina e ka Leboea se ne se e-na le makhulo a mangata, ’me likhomo li ne li fula teng. Mariha, likhomo li ne li fumana furu e ngata. Ka nako eo, ’mala oa likhomo tsa moo o ne o arotsoe ka mebala e meraro:

• batsho;
• tšoeu;
• e ntsho le bosweu.

Mathoasong a lekholo la leshome le metso e robeli la lilemo, likhomo tse ntšo le tse tšoeu li ile tsa tlisoa ho tsoa Holland. E ne e lokela ho tšeloa le mofuta oa Kholmogory, empa sena ha sea ka sa ba le phello e kholo litšobotsing tsa liphoofolo. Mahareng a leshome le metso e robeli ho isa bofelong ba lilemo tsa lekholo la leshome le metso e robong liphoofolo tse ruiloeng tse tsoang Holland li ile tsa boela tsa kenngoa sebakeng sena, har’a tsona ho ne ho e-na le lipoho tse fetang mashome a mahlano.

Boiteko bo bong ba ho fetola litšobotsi tsa mofuta ona bo se bo entsoe lekholong la mashome a mabeli la lilemo. Ho tloha ka 1936 ho isa 1937, mapolasing a mang, ba ile ba leka ho tšela mofuta oa likhomo tsa Kholmogory le Ostfriz. Sepheo sa ho tšela e ne e le ho eketsa tlhahiso ea lebese le ho ntlafatsa bokantle. Leha ho le joalo, boiteko bona bo ile ba hlōleha ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha mafura a lebese.

Lilemong tse mashome a robeli, ho lokisa likarolo tse ikhethang, Ho ile ha sebelisoa lipoho tsa mofuta oa Holstein, eo naha ea habo e leng Holland hape. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mefuta ea intrabreed e ne e ruoa libakeng tse fapaneng tsa naha:

• Bohareng - bakeng sa karolo e bohareng ea Russia;
• Leboea - bakeng sa sebaka sa Arkhangelsk;
• Pechorsky - bakeng sa Rephabliki ea Komi.

Mathoasong a 1985, ho ne ho e-na le lihlooho tse fetang limilione tse 2,2 naheng. Qalong ea 1999, palo ea lihlooho tsa Kholmogory e ile ea eketseha hoo e ka bang limilione tse 2,4. Ka lebaka leo, mofuta oa Kholmogory o bile 8,7% ea palo eohle ea likhomo tsa lebese naheng. Litšobotsi tsena tsa bongata li ile tsa lumella mofuta ona ho nka sebaka sa bone har'a tse ling ho latela palo ea mehlape.

Likhomo tsa Kholmogory li ne li sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa Istobenskaya le Tagilskaya.

Tlhaloso

Litekanyo tse ka ntle le tse mahareng tsa likhomo

Likhomo tsa mofuta oa Kholmogory li fumane 'mala o motšo le o mosoeu. Ka bongata bo fokolang haholo, botsho, bosoeu, le 'mala o mofubelu bo bolokiloe. Har'a mefuta e meng ea Kholmogorskaya, motho a ka hlokomela kholo e phahameng haholo. Molaotheo oa baemeli ba eona o matla haholo. 'Mele oa likhomo hangata o molelele, e ka bitsoa ka mokhoa o itseng oa angular. Mohala oa mokokotlo oa phoofolo, hammoho le mola oa letheka, li lekana. likhomo ho ba le sefuba se tebileng le se patisaneng, e be le phoka e nyenyane, e sa hōlang hantle.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, marako a likhomo a pharaletse. Sacrum e phahame hanyenyane. Likhomo tsena li na le masapo a matla. Maoto a liphoofolo hangata a behiloe ka nepo, le hoja ho na le mekhelo.

Likhomo li na le boholo bo tloaelehileng ba matsoe, bo ka bang kopi kapa bo chitja. Li-lobe tsa udder li entsoe ka ho lekana, li-nipples li cylindrical.

Likhomo li na le mesifa e teteaneng hantle. Letlalo la phoofolo le tšesaane ebile le rekere.

Ho tsejoa ho tsoa phihlelong hore likhomo tse kholo tse lekaneng, tseo mofuta oa Kholmogory e leng oa tsona, li khetholloa ka ho thehoa ha lebese la boleng bo phahameng.

Ho ea ka lintlha tsa lipalo-palo, litekanyo tse tloaelehileng tsa likhomo tsa mofuta oa Kholmogory ke:

• bolelele ba ho pona - ho fihlela ho 135 cm;
• botebo ba sefuba - ho fihlela ho 72 cm;
• bolelele ba 'mele o oblique - ho fihlela ho 162 cm;
• bolelele ba sefuba - ho fihlela ho 198 cm;
• bolelele ba letsoho - ho fihlela ho 20 cm.

Tlhahiso ea lebese le nama

Likhomo tsa mofuta oa Kholmogory ithorisa ka tlhahiso e phahameng ea lebese nakong ea lactation, e leng ho fihlela ho 3500 lik'hilograma. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mafura a lebese ke ka karolelano ea 3,6 - 3,7%.

Kakaretso ea boima ba khomo e kholo ke 480 kg. Baemeli ba molemo ka ho fetisisa ba mohlape ba ka ithorisa ka boima ba lik'hilograma tse 550.

Kakaretso ea boima ba poho ea mofuta oa Kholmogory e ka ba lik'hilograma tse 900, 'me maemong a mang boima bo ka feta 1200 kg.

Lihlahisoa tsa polao, ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ke 53%, 'me ka keketseho ea boleng ba ho nona, e ka fihla ho 65%.

Kholo e nyane e boetse e hlaha e le kholo haholo. Boima ba sethole bo ka fihla ho 35 kg, 'me poho - ho fihla ho 39 kg.

Ho hōla kapele ka kakaretso ho nkoa e le ho khotsofatsang. Kahoo batho ba likhoeli tse 18 hangata ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 350.

Lipontšo tse joalo tsa litšobotsi tsa nama li etsa hore ho khonehe ho arola mefuta ea Kholmogory ea likhomo eseng feela ka lebese, empa hape le lebese le nama. Ka ho nona ho nepahetseng ha lipoho, tlhahiso ea tlhabo ka selemo le halofo e feta halofo ea boima bohle ba phoofolo.

libaka tsa ho tsoala

Kaha e hōlisitsoe ka leboea, mofuta oa Kholmogory o se o hasane hoo e ka bang naheng eohle. Ho hlahisa likhomo tsa Kholmogory ho emeloa haholo sebakeng sa libaka tse 24 le lirephabliki tsa naha. Mehlape e ntle ka ho fetisisa e lengoa sebakeng sa Moscow, Ryazan, Kalinin, Kaluga, Arkhangelsk, Kirov, Vologda, Kamchatka, Rephabliki ea Komi, Udmurtia, Yakutia, Tatarstan.

Litšobotsi tse ntle

Har'a melemo ea mofuta oa Kholmogory ke:

• tlhahiso e phahameng ea lebese;
• maemo a phahameng a ho ikamahanya le maemo a bophelo maemong a leholimo a thata;
• acclimatization e ntle;
• mamello e eketsehileng;
• khanyetso e phahameng ea mafu a kotsi;
• bokgabane tshebedisong ya makgulo.

go tlhoka mesola

Har'a mefokolo ea mefuta ea Kholmogory ea likhomo e ka hlokomeloa phokotso e akaretsang ya tlhahiso ya lebese le nama dibakeng tse ka borwa. Mehloling e meng, sefuba se moqotetsane le boemo bo sa nepahaleng ba maoto le matsoho bo nkoa e le bofokoli, empa lintlha tsena li na le likhang.

Boemo ba hona joale ba baahi

Khetho e ntse e tsoela pele. Libaka tsa eona tse kholo ke:

• keketseho ea tlhahiso ea lebese;
• ho eketseha ha mafura a lebese;
• ntlafatso ya mmele.

Hajoale, mofuta oa likhomo oa Kholmogory e nkile sebaka sa bohlokoa har'a tse ling tse atileng haholo sebakeng sa Russia. Bohlokoa ba mofuta ona bo itšetlehile ka tlhahiso e phahameng ea lebese, ho eketseha ha mafura a lebese, hammoho le litšoaneleho tse ntle tsa nama.