Na lintja li utloisisa batho?

Ka lilemo tse likete, lintja e bile metsoalle e haufi-ufi ea batho. Ba phela le ho sebetsa le rōna esita le ho fetoha litho tsa malapa a rōna, empa na ba utloisisa mantsoe le maikutlo a rōna? Ka nako e telele, ho sa tsotellehe lipolelo tsa barui ba lintja tse hanyetsanang le seo, bo-rasaense ba ’nile ba nahana hore ha ntja e shebahala eka e utloisisa mong’a eona, e bontša feela mokhoa o ithutoang oa boitšoaro, ’me mong’a eona o mpa a bolela hore ke litšobotsi tsa botho ho eona. Empa lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li hlahisitse potso ea hore na lintja li utloisisa batho le lipuo tsa batho.

Lipatlisiso mabapi le mekhoa ea kelello ho lintja

Ho sa tsotellehe taba ea hore moloko oa batho o tseba kamano e telele le e haufi pakeng tsa motho le ntja, lipatlisiso mabapi le mekhoa ea ho nahana le ho sebetsana le lintja ke ntho e ncha. Bukeng ea hae ea How Dogs Love Us, setsebi sa methapo ea kutlo Gregory Burns oa Univesithi ea Emory o bitsa Charles Darwin e le pula-maliboho lefapheng la lilemo tsa bo-1800. Darwin o ngotse haholo ka lintja le kamoo li hlalosang maikutlo ka puo ea 'mele bukeng ea hae ea boraro, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Phys.org e totobatsa thuto ea pele e kholo ea sejoale-joale, e entsoeng ka 1990 ke Duke University Associate Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology Brian Hare, eo ka nako eo e neng e le moithuti ea fumaneng mangolo Univesithing ea Emory. Leha ho le joalo, sebaka sena sa lipatlisiso se fumane botumo ba 'nete feela lilemong tsa bo-2000. Matsatsing ana, lipatlisiso tse ncha mabapi le hore na lintja li utloisisa puo ea batho, boitšisinyo le maikutlo li ntse li etsoa joang ka nepo. Tšimo ena e se e tumme hoo Univesithi ea Duke e bileng ea bula lefapha le khethehileng le bitsoang Canine Cognition Center tlas'a tataiso ea Dr. Hare.

Na lintja li utloisisa batho?

Joale, liphello tsa liphuputso tsohle tse entsoeng ke life? Na lintja lia re utloisisa? Ho bonahala beng ba lintja ba neng ba bolela hore lintja li li utloisisa ba ne ba nepile, bonyane ka karolo e itseng.

Ho utloisisa puo

Ka 2004, koranta ea Science e ile ea hatisa liphetho tsa phuputso e amanang le moeli oa moeli o bitsoang Rico. Ntja ena e ile ea hapa lefatše la saense, e bontša bokhoni bo hlollang ba ho utloisisa mantsoe a macha kapele. Ho tšoara kapele ke bokhoni ba ho theha mohopolo o sa tloaelehang oa moelelo oa lentsoe ka mor'a hore le utluoe ka lekhetlo la pele, e leng tšobotsi ea bana ba banyenyane lilemong tsa ha ba qala ho theha pokello ea mantsoe. Rico o ithutile mabitso a lintho tse fapaneng tse fetang 200, a ithuta ho li tseba ka mabitso le ho li fumana nakong ea libeke tse 'ne tsa kopano ea pele.

Phuputso ea morao tjena e entsoeng ke Univesithi ea Sussex Engelane e bontšitse hore lintja ha li utloisise feela maikutlo a maikutlo a puo ea rona, empa hape li khona ho khetholla mantsoe a utloahalang ho a se nang kelello. Liphetho tsa phuputso ea 2014 e hatisitsoeng koranteng ea Current Biology li tiisa hore lintja, joalo ka batho, li sebelisa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boko ho sebetsana le likarolo tsena tsa puo. Hantle-ntle, matšoao a maikutlo a sebetsoa ke hemisphere e nepahetseng ea boko, 'me litlhaloso tsa mantsoe li sebetsoa ka ho le letšehali.

Ho utloisisa puo ea 'mele

Phuputso ea 2012 ea makasine ea PLOS ONE e netefalitse hore lintja li utloisisa mekhoa ea batho ho fihlela moo li ka li susumetsang. Nakong ea thuto, liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li ile tsa fuoa likarolo tse peli tsa lijo tsa boholo bo fapaneng. Lintja tse ngata li ile tsa khetha karolo e kholoanyane ka botsona. Empa ha batho ba kenella, boemo bo ile ba fetoha. Ho ile ha hlaka hore karabelo e ntle ea motho karolong e nyenyane e ka kholisa liphoofolo hore ke ntho e lakatsehang ho e khetha.

Phuputsong e 'ngoe ea 2012 e hatisitsoeng koranteng ea Current Biology, bafuputsi ba Hungary ba ithutile bokhoni ba lintja ho hlalosa mekhoa e poteletseng ea puisano. Nakong ea thuto, liphoofolo li ile tsa bontšoa liphetolelo tse peli tse fapaneng tsa video e le 'ngoe. Phetolelong ea pele, mosali o sheba ntja 'me o re: "Lumela, ntja!" ka segalo sa lerato pele o sheba hole. Phetolelo ea bobeli e fapane ka hore mosali o sheba fatše ka linako tsohle ’me o bua a khutsitse. Ha lintja li shebile video ea pele, li ile tsa sheba mosali eo eaba li mo sala morao. Ho itšetlehile ka karabo ena, bafuputsi ba ile ba etsa qeto ea hore lintja li na le bokhoni bo tšoanang ba kelello joaloka bana ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse tšeletseng le likhoeli tse leshome le metso e 'meli ho lemoha ho kopana le bona ka ho toba le boitsebiso bo lebisitsoeng ho bona.

Mohlomong ena e ne e se tšenolo ho Dr. Hare oa Canine Cognition Center Univesithing ea Duke, ea ileng a etsa liteko tsa hae ka lintja e le motho e moholo Univesithing ea Emory ka bo-1990. Ho ea ka Phys.org, liphuputso tsa Ngaka Hare li tiisitse hore lintja li molemo ho feta bo-motsoal’a rōna ba haufi-ufi, lichimpanzi, esita le bana, ka ho utloisisa lintho tse poteletseng tse kang ho supa menoana, boemo ba ’mele le ho sisinyeha ha mahlo.

Ho utloisisa maikutlo

Pejana selemong sena, bangoli ba phuputso e hatisitsoeng koranteng ea Biology Letters of the Royal Society of London (British Royal Society), ba ile ba tlaleha hore liphoofolo li khona ho utloisisa maikutlo a batho. Phello ea tšebelisano-'moho pakeng tsa bafuputsi ba Univesithi ea Lincoln United Kingdom le Univesithi ea Sao Paulo e Brazil, phuputso e tiisa hore lintja li theha maikutlo a sa bonahaleng a maikutlo a nepahetseng le a fosahetseng.

Nakong ea thuto, lintja li ile tsa bontšoa litšoantšo tsa batho le lintja tse ling tse shebahalang li thabile kapa li halefile. Pontšo ea litšoantšo e ne e tsamaea le pontšo ea likotoana tsa molumo tse nang le mantsoe a monate kapa a halefileng / a mabifi. Ha maikutlo a hlahisoang ke molumo a lumellana le maikutlo a bontšitsoeng setšoantšong, liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li ile tsa qeta nako e ngata li ithuta ponahalo ea sefahleho setšoantšong.

Ho ea ka e mong oa bafuputsi, Dr. Ken Guo oa Lincoln University School of Psychology, “Liphuputso tsa nakong e fetileng li bontšitse hore lintja li khona ho lemoha maikutlo a batho ho latela matšoao a kang ponahalo ea sefahleho, empa sena ha se tšoane le ho lemoha maikutlo; ” ho latela sebaka seo. ScienceDaily.

Ka ho kopanya mekhoa e 'meli e fapaneng ea temoho, bafuputsi ba bontšitse hore lintja li na le matla a kelello a ho lemoha le ho utloisisa maikutlo a batho.

Ke hobane'ng ha lintja li re utloisisa?

Lebaka leo ka lona liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li khonang ho re utloisisa e ntse e le sephiri, empa bafuputsi ba bangata ba nka bokhoni bona e le phello ea ho iphetola ha lintho le tlhokahalo. Lintja li 'nile tsa amahanngoa haufi-ufi le batho ka lilemo tse likete' me ha nako e ntse e ea li itšetlehile ka batho ho feta mefuta leha e le efe ea liphoofolo. Mohlomong ho ikatisa le hona ho ile ha phetha karolo e itseng, eo ho eona ho ileng ha khethoa lintja ka lebaka la bokhoni bo itseng bo bonahalang ba kelello. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlakile hore batho ba amanang haufi-ufi le ba itšetlehileng ka motho, kapele kapa hamorao ba hōlisa matla a ho re utloisisa le ho buisana le rōna.

See se bolela'ng ho uena le ho ntja ea hau?

Kaha joale u se u tseba haholoanyane hore phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng ha e khone ho utloisisa mantsoe le litaelo tsa mantsoe feela, empa hape le maikutlo a maikutlo, seo se etsa phapang efe? Pele ho tsohle, ho u fa kholiseho ea hore ntja ea hau e khona ho ithuta eseng feela litaelo "Lula!", "Ema!" le “Paw!” Lintja li na le bokhoni bo makatsang ba ho tšoara ka hlooho mantsoe a makholo, joalo ka Rico, ea boletsoeng ka holimo, le Chaser, Border Collie, ea ithutileng mantsoe a fetang 1. Chaser o na le bokhoni bo makatsang ba ho nka mantsoe a macha kapele mme a ka fumana ntho ea ho bapala ka lebitso la eona. Haeba u mo kopa hore a fumane lintho tsa ho bapala tseo a li tsebang tseo lebitso la hae a sa li tsebeng, o tla utloisisa hore toy e ncha e tlameha ho amahanngoa le lebitso le lecha leo a sa le tsebeng. Bokhoni bona bo paka hore metsoalle ea rona ea maoto a mane e bohlale haholo.

Potso e 'ngoe eo ho buuoang ka eona thutong ea bokhoni ba kelello ba lintja ke hore na li khona ho utloisisa mekhoa ea sechaba. Na u hlokometse hore ha u e-na le letsatsi le thata, ntja e leka ho lula haufi le uena le ho otlolla hangata? Ka tsela ena, o batla ho re: “Kea utloisisa hore u na le letsatsi le boima, ’me ke batla ho u thusa.” Haeba u utloisisa sena, ho bonolo ho uena ho matlafatsa likamano, hobane u tseba ho arabela boemo ba maikutlo ba e mong le ho arolelana thabo le masoabi - joaloka lelapa la sebele.

Na lintja lia re utloisisa? Ntle le pelaelo. Kahoo nakong e tlang ha u bua le phoofolo ea lapeng ’me u hlokomela hore e u mametse ka hloko, etsa bonnete ba hore sena ha se seo u se nahanang. Ntja ea hau ha e utloisise lentsoe le leng le le leng ebile ha e tsebe moelelo oa eona hantle, empa e u tseba ho feta kamoo u nahanang kateng. Empa habohlokoa le ho feta, phoofolo ea lapeng e khona ho utloisisa hore ua e rata, kahoo u se ke ua nahana hore ho bua le eena ka lerato la hau ha ho na thuso.