Hlalosa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa katse ea hau bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba purr-fect

Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa katse ke polane e qaqileng e khethollang ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho tloha ho 'mala oa seaparo ho ea ho litšobotsi tsa botho le palo ea menoana e maroong. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng ke ka lebaka leo likatse tsa Siamese li buang haholo, li-Ragdoll li rata, likatse tsa Sphynx li lefatla, 'me Mapersia a na le lifahleho tse bataletseng. Le hoja mafu a mangata a e-na le lintho tse ngata (ke hore, a hlaha ka mabaka a 'maloa, e ka ba liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa tsa ka ntle), bafuputsi ba entse qeto ea ho sebelisa tatellano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa chromosome hore likatse li na le liphetoho tsa lefutso tse bontšang tsoelo-pele ea mafu a itseng. A mang a maemo ana e ka ba a tobileng ho mofuta o itseng.

Liphatsa tsa lefutso

Joalo ka batho, likatse li ka ba le liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso tsa tsona tse bakang tatellano e fosahetseng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso 'me li etsa hore li tšoaroe ke mafu a itseng. Ha e le hantle, sena se bolela hore DNA e etsang qeto ea ho thehoa ha phoofolo e ka sitisoa ka nako e itseng ho nts'etsopele, e siea katse e atisa ho ba le mafu. Phetoho ena ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e tšoana le kokoanyana khoutu. Mafu a mang - lefu la liphio tsa polycystic ho Persia le hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (lefu la pelo) Maine Coons le Ragdolls - li tsejoa hore li na le karolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho ngola International Cat Care. Mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle, joalo ka asthma kapa strabismus ho likatse tsa Siamese, a atile haholo mofuteng o itseng, empa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tloaelehileng ho tsona ha li so tsejoe.

Likotsi bakeng sa liphoofolo tse tsoakiloeng

Le hoja katse leha e le efe e ka hlahisa phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e bakang lefu lena, mathata a liphatsa tsa lefutso a atisa ho atile haholo ho liphoofolo tse hloekileng. Sena se bakoa ke hore balisa ba khetha batho bao ba tla ba tsoalisa bakeng sa litšobotsi tse itseng, e leng se ka eketsang kotsi ea mathata a lefutso. Li ka boela tsa tsoalisa likatse tse amanang haholo ho latela kamano (inbreeding). Maemong a mang, joalo ka Munchkins (likatse tse nyane tse maoto a makhutšoane) kapa mefuta ea brachycephalic (linko tse khuts'oane) joalo ka Bapersia, mofuta ka boeona o ka ba le litšobotsi tse amang bophelo ba katse hampe. Beng ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le ba ntseng ba nahana ka ho fumana phoofolo ea lapeng ba lokela ho hlokomela litaba tsa boitlhopho tse tobileng mefuta e itseng.

Ka mohlala, Munchkins li ntle haholo (li shebe!), Empa ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore dwarfism ha e le hantle ke phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka bakang mathata a bophelo ho phoofolo. Likatse tse nyane li ka ba le mathata a manonyeletso le mokokotlo o kobehileng, e leng ho eketsang kotsi ea li-discs tsa herniated. Ho phaella moo, likatse tsena li ka ba theko e boima haholo (li-kittens tse ling li bitsa li-ruble tse fetang 70), 'me beng ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng ba sa tsebeng letho hangata ha ba tsebe hore na likoloto tsa bongaka ba liphoofolo li ba letetseng.

Mefuta e nang le boea

Na u ne u tseba hore DNA ea likatse le batho e tšoana ka liphesente tse fetang 90? Ho ea ka Stanford University's Tech Museum of Innovation, haeba u thathamisa litlhaku tse lekholo tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, ke tse leshome feela tsa tsona tse tla fapana pakeng tsa hao le katse ea hau. DNA ea rona e boetse e arolelana karolo ea 98 lekholong le lichimpanzi le karolo ea 80 lekholong le likhomo (le liperesente tse fetang 60 le libanana, ho ea ka National Human Genome Research Institute, kahoo mohlomong ha rea ​​​​lokela ho thaba haholo).

Ke hobane'ng ha u bapisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa cat ho hang? Ho hlahloba le ho bapisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liphoofolo ke mokhoa o atlehang oa ho ithuta mafu a tšoaetsanoang a kang feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) le motho (HIV). Ho ithuta ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa katse ha ho re thuse feela ho hlokomela metsoalle ea rona e metle, ho boetse ho re thusa ho utloisisa mathata a rona a lefutso le ho theha mekhoa e mecha ea ho tobana le le ho alafa mafu a nang le karolo ea lefutso.

Matsatsing ana, o ka hlahloba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa katse ea hau ka pokello e bonolo ea sampole tleliniking ea lehae ea hau ea bongaka. Ngaka ya diphoofolo e tla romela sampole laboratoring bakeng sa tshekatsheko, mme o lokela ho kgona ho fumana diphetho nakong ya dibeke tse mmalwa. Liteko tsa DNA li ka senola tlhahisoleseling e kang kotsi ea mafu, mohlomong leloko, esita le ho tšoana ha phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng le mefuta e meng ea likatse tse hlaha.

Ho utloisisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa feline ho ka u thusa ho hlokomela ho thibela maloetse le ho boloka bophelo bo botle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng. Ka ho etsa joalo, u ka fumana tlhahisoleseding mabapi le baholo-holo ba phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng 'me u fumane hore na e na le bokooa bofe kapa bofe bo lebisang mafung a lefutso.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore le haeba katse ea hau e na le phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e khethollang lefu, ha ho bolele hore e tla kula. Sena se bakoa ke hore bongata ba mafu ana ke a mangata kapa a polygenic 'me a ka hloka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ngata kapa maemo a itseng ho ntshetsa pele. Ngaka ea hau ea liphoofolo e tla khona ho u eletsa mabapi le mokhoa oa ho sebelisa liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea lefutso tsa katse ea hau hantle. Tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e tla u thusa ho utloisisa phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng ka hare le ho fana ka maemo a molemo ka ho fetisisa le tlhokomelo e le hore u ka phela nako e telele le bophelo bo botle hammoho.

Na u ne u tseba hore lipatlisiso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li boetse li u thusa ho khetha lijo tse nepahetseng bakeng sa katse ea hau? Ha e le hantle, litsebi tsa Hill's Pet Nutrition li ile tsa hlalosa genome ea feline morao koana ka 2008 'me ea romela liphetho ho Morris Animal Foundation bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng. Re sebelisa lipatlisiso tsena ho etsa lijo tsa katse tse nahanelang baeloji ea tlhaho ea phoofolo bakeng sa bophelo bo monate le bo botle.

Litlhokomelo tsa ho Tsala

Haeba u rera ho tsoalisa likatse, ho tseba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa mofuta ona le ho hlahloba liphoofolo tsa ho ikatisa bakeng sa mafu a lefutso ho tla u thusa ho qoba ho fetisetsa liphetoho leha e le life tsa lefutso ho bana ba hao. Ho bile joalo, ka mohlala, ka lefu la liphio tsa polycystic (PKD) likatse tse nang le sefahleho se sephara. PBP e etsa hore li-cysts li thehe liphio tsa likatse tse amehileng, e leng se lebisang ho hloleheng ha liphio pele ho nako. PKD ke lefu le bonolo la autosomal dominant genetic disorder, ho bolelang hore le fetisetsoa ho bana le haeba motsoali a le mong feela a e-na le phetoho. Ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo e bonolo ea mali ho lemoha phetoho ena ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, 'me ho ata ha PKD ho ile ha fokotseha haholo ka ho hlahloba likatse bakeng sa khetho ea ho nyalana.

Haeba u le mong'a phoofolo ea lapeng, re khothaletsa hore u phomole kapa u se fe phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng ho qoba lenaneo la ho ikatisa lapeng. Ho e-na le ho fumana katse e hloekileng, u ka nka katse kapa katse e kholo ho tloha sebakeng sa bolulo sa liphoofolo sa sebakeng seo. E ka 'na eaba ba na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fapaneng, empa ka sebele u tla khona ho fumana eo e tla ba molekane ea phethahetseng bakeng sa hau.

Haeba u batla ho hlahloba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa katse ea hau, u ka ikopanya le lik'hamphani tse etsang liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ka u thusang ho tseba mofuta oa baholo-holo ba katse ea hau le ho fumana keletso ea ho boloka bophelo bo botle le bophelo bo botle.

Ho tseba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng hoa thabisa, empa hape ho bohlokoa ho li tšoara e le batho ba nang le litlhoko le mekhoa eo uena le ngaka ea hau ea liphoofolo le e tsebang hantle. Ka ho fana ka phepo e nepahetseng le tikoloho e phetseng hantle, hammoho le ho ela hloko liphatsa tsa lefutso, u ka ba le tšusumetso e ntle ho bophelo bo botle le boiketlo ba katse ea hau.